Altered theta–beta ratio in infancy associates with family history of ADHD and later ADHD‐relevant temperamental traits

Ali, Jannath Begum; Goodwin, Amy; Mason, Luke; Pasco, Greg; Charman, Tony; Johnson, Mark H.; Jones, Emily J. H.

doi:10.1111/jcpp.13563

Cited by 12 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…One example of a well-studied phenomenon is the relationship between the theta/beta ratio and ADHD (Ogrim, Kropotov, & Hestad, 2012; Liechti et al, 2013). Recent studies showed that a higher theta/beta ratio was related to a higher risk of ADHD in 10mo infants (Begum-Ali and colleagues, 2022). However, the study by Donoghue and colleagues (2020a) found that aperiodic components conflate the theta/beta ratio.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Finally, although research on higher frequency bands in infants is still scarce, a study by Tierney and colleagues (2012) suggests a reduction of frontal beta and gamma between the fifth month and the second year of life. In addition, the relative power in different frequency bands is relatet to individual differences in cognitive development (Anderson & Perone, 2018; Bell & Wolfe, 2007; Benasich et al, 2008; MacNeill et al, 2018; Whedon et al, 2020) and in infants at risk of neurodevelopmental disorder (Arns et al, 2013; Begum-Ali et al, 2022; Gabard-Durnam et al, 2019; Tierney et al, 2012), which signal its relevance.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Early development of electrophysiological activity: contribution of periodic and aperiodic components of the EEG signal

Rico-Picó

Moyano

Conejero

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Brain function rapidly changes in the first two years of life. In the las decades, resting-state EEG has been widely used to explore those changes. Previous studies have focused on the relative power of the signal in canonical frequency bands (i.e., theta, alpha, beta, gamma). However, EEG power is a mixture of a 1/f-like background power (aperiodic) in combination with narrow peaks that appear over that curve (periodic activity; e.g., alpha peak). Therefore, it is possible that the relative power captures both, aperiodic and periodic bran activity, misleading actual periodic changes in infancy. For this reason, we explored the early developmental trajectory of the relative power in the canonical frequency bands from infancy to toddlerhood, and compared it to changes in periodic activity in a longitudinal study with three waves of data collection at age 6, 9 and 16 to 18 months. Finally, we analysed whether periodic activity and/or aperiodic components of the EEG contributed to explain age-changes in relative power. We found that relative power and periodic activity trajectories differed in this period in all the frequency bands but alpha, and we replicated an increment of alpha peak frequency. We found that age-changes in aperiodic parameters (exponent and offset) depend on the frequency range. More importantly, only alpha relative power was directly related to periodic activity but other frequency bands was predicted also by aperiodic components. This suggest that relative power is capturing the developmental changes of the aperiodic brain activity and, therefore, more fine-grained measures are needed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Early development of electrophysiological activity: contribution of periodic and aperiodic components of the EEG signal

Rico-Picó

Moyano

Conejero

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…Some studies have focused on pregnant mothers with ADHD, following their offspring over time (Gustafsson et al, 2020;Sullivan et al, 2015). As described earlier, these designs have produced novel and intriguing findings in recent years (Begum-Ali et al, 2022;Joseph et al, 2022;Miller et al, 2021;Sullivan et al, 2015), suggesting that they are both feasible and fruitful.…”

Section: Methods Measurement and Study Designmentioning

confidence: 99%

Delineating early developmental pathways to ADHD: Setting an international research agenda

et al. 2023

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Background: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a prevalent, impairing, and highly heritable condition typically diagnosed in middle childhood. However, it is now recognized that symptoms emerge much earlier in development.Research focused on understanding-using multiple units of analysis-the cascade of early-life (i.e., prenatal-infant-toddler) developmental changes that will later emerge as ADHD has the potential to transform early identification, prevention, and intervention. To this end, we introduce the recently established Early ADHD Consortium, an international network of investigators engaged in prospective, longitudinal studies of risk for ADHD beginning early in life, conducted within a developmental framework, and which incorporate multimethod approaches. This network seeks to harmonize measures and methodological approaches to increase the potential for data sharing and subsequent impact. Methods: This perspective paper highlights the importance of investigating prediagnostic markers of ADHD, and potential models and mechanisms of ADHD risk and development, with the long-term objective of facilitating development of preemptive interventions that will minimize the impact of ADHD symptoms on everyday functioning and maximize health and developmental outcomes. Results: We selectively describe key challenges and questions for this field related to theoretical models and developmental mechanisms in ADHD and recommend next steps for the science, including methodological, measurement, and study design This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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“…See Table 1 for summary statistics of the included sample and Fig. 2 for a breakdown of participant retention at each time point [adapted from [45]].…”

Section: Samplementioning

confidence: 99%

Infant excitation/inhibition balance interacts with executive attention to predict autistic traits in childhood

et al. 2022

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Background Autism is proposed to be characterised by an atypical balance of cortical excitation and inhibition (E/I). However, most studies have examined E/I alterations in older autistic individuals, meaning that findings could in part reflect homeostatic compensation. To assess the directionality of effects, it is necessary to examine alterations in E/I balance early in the lifespan before symptom emergence. Recent explanatory frameworks have argued that it is also necessary to consider how early risk features interact with later developing modifier factors to predict autism outcomes. Method We indexed E/I balance in early infancy by extracting the aperiodic exponent of the slope of the electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectrum (‘1/f’). To validate our index of E/I balance, we tested for differences in the aperiodic exponent in 10-month-old infants with (n = 22) and without (n = 27) neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), a condition thought to be characterised by alterations to cortical inhibition. We then tested for E/I alterations in a larger heterogeneous longitudinal cohort of infants with and without a family history of neurodevelopmental conditions (n = 150) who had been followed to early childhood. We tested the relevance of alterations in E/I balance and our proposed modifier, executive attention, by assessing whether associations between 10-month aperiodic slope and 36-month neurodevelopmental traits were moderated by 24-month executive attention. Analyses adjusted for age at EEG assessment, sex and number of EEG trials. Results Infants with NF1 were characterised by a higher aperiodic exponent, indicative of greater inhibition, supporting our infant measure of E/I. Longitudinal analyses showed a significant interaction between aperiodic slope and executive attention, such that higher aperiodic exponents predicted greater autistic traits in childhood, but only in infants who also had weaker executive functioning abilities. Limitations The current study relied on parent report of infant executive functioning-type abilities; future work is required to replicate effects with objective measures of cognition. Conclusions Results suggest alterations in E/I balance are on the developmental pathway to autism outcomes, and that higher executive functioning abilities may buffer the impact of early cortical atypicalities, consistent with proposals that stronger executive functioning abilities may modify the impact of a wide range of risk factors.

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Altered theta–beta ratio in infancy associates with family history of ADHD and later ADHD‐relevant temperamental traits

Cited by 12 publications

References 51 publications

Early development of electrophysiological activity: contribution of periodic and aperiodic components of the EEG signal

Early development of electrophysiological activity: contribution of periodic and aperiodic components of the EEG signal

Delineating early developmental pathways to ADHD: Setting an international research agenda

Infant excitation/inhibition balance interacts with executive attention to predict autistic traits in childhood

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