Alterations in Human Dermal Connective Tissue with Age and Chronic Sun Damage

Smith, J. Graham; Davidson, Eugene A.; Sams, W. Mitchell; Clark, Richard D.

doi:10.1038/jid.1962.122

Cited by 282 publications

(127 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Studies by Gilchrest (22,23) have shown that keratinocytes and fibroblasts taken from sun-exposed skin have a reduced lifespan in vitro as compared with the same cells taken from adjacent (sun-protected) skin. Histological differences between sun-exposed and sun-protected skin can also be seen (24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31). Epidermis of sun-exposed skin is compacted and thinned.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

All-trans retinoic acid (RA) stimulates events in organ-cultured human skin that underlie repair. Adult skin from sun-protected and sun-exposed sites responds in an identical manner to RA while neonatal foreskin responds differently.

Varani

Perone²,

Griffiths³

et al. 1994

J. Clin. Invest.

101

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Adult human skin from a sun-protected site (hip) and from a sun-exposed site (forearm) was maintained in organ culture for 12 d in the presence of a serum-free, growth factorfree basal medium. Cultures were incubated under conditions optimized for keratinocyte growth (i.e., in 0.15 mM extracellular Ca2") or for fibroblast growth (i.e., in 1.4 mM extracellular Ca2"). Treatment with all-trans retinoic acid (RA) induced histological changes in the organ-cultured skin under both conditions which were similar to the changes seen in intact skin after topical application. These included expansion of the viable portion of the epidermis and activation of cells in the dermis. In sun-damaged skin samples, which were characterized by destruction of normal connective tissue elements and presence of thick, dark-staining elastotic fibers, a zone of healthy connective tissue could be seen immediately below the dermo-epidermal junction. This zone was more prominent in RA-treated organ cultures than in matched controls. Associated with these histological changes was an increase in overall protein and extracellular matrix synthesis. In concomitant studies, it was found that RA treatment enhanced survival and proliferation of adult keratinocytes and adult dermal fibroblasts under both lowand high-Ca2" conditions. In all of these assays, responses of sun-protected and sun-exposed skin were identical. In contrast, responses of neonatal foreskin to RA were similar to those of adult skin in the presence of low-Ca2" culture medium, but under conditions of high extracellular Ca2" RA provided little or no additional stimulus. Together these studies suggest that the ability of RA to enhance repair of sun-damaged skin (documented in previous studies) may reflect its ability to influence the behavior of skin in a manner that is age dependent but independent of sun-exposure status. (J. Clin. Invest. 1994Invest. .94:1747Invest. -1756

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

All-trans retinoic acid (RA) stimulates events in organ-cultured human skin that underlie repair. Adult skin from sun-protected and sun-exposed sites responds in an identical manner to RA while neonatal foreskin responds differently.

Varani

Perone²,

Griffiths³

et al. 1994

J. Clin. Invest.

101

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“…As described below, oxidative stress can result in the following: inducing multiple matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which cause fragmentation of collagen fibrils [7,20,[36][37][38][39][40]; inhibiting TGF-β signaling, which causes inhibition of the collagenous ECM production [1,39,41]; and inducing multiple age-related pro-inflammatory cytokines, which create an inflammatory dermal microenvironment (inflammaging) [35,39,42]. These ROS-induced alterations of the dermal ECM microenvironment are the driving force for the most prominent clinical features of aged skin, including thinning and increased fragility of the skin [5,7,8,20,[43][44][45].…”

Section: Collagen Fragmentation Collapses Dermal Fibroblasts and Incrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oxidative Stress and Human Skin Connective Tissue Aging

Quan

2016

Cosmetics

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Everyone desires healthy and beautiful-looking skin. However, as we age, our skin becomes old due to physiological changes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an important pathogenic factor involved in human aging. Human skin is exposed to ROS generated from both extrinsic sources such as as ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun, and intrinsic sources such as endogenous oxidative metabolism. ROS-mediated oxidative stress damages the collagen-rich extracellular matrix (ECM), the hallmark of skin connective tissue aging. Damage to dermal collagenous ECM weakens the skin's structural integrity and creates an aberrant tissue microenvironment that promotes age-related skin disorders, such as impaired wound healing and skin cancer development. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of ROS/oxidative stress and skin connective tissue aging.

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“…Chronological aging in sun-protected body areas leads to remarkably few clinically apparent changes. Skin becomes thin, dry, pale and exhibits fine wrinkles [1][2][3]. In contrast, photoaging leads to marked cutaneous alterations characterized clinically by deep wrinkles, roughness, sallowness, mottled dyspigmentation, telangiectasia and a variety of benign and malignant neoplasms [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In chronologically aged skin, the different characteristic steps of epidermal differentiation are preserved, however, based on a reduced keratinocyte proliferation, epidermal thinning is observed histologically. The dermis is also thin in aged skin, resulting from a reduction in the amount and organization of connective tissue [1][2][3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histological Evaluation of a Topically Applied Retinol-Vitamin C Combination

Seité

Bredoux²,

Compan³

et al. 2005

Skin Pharmacol Physiol

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Two double-blind studies versus vehicle were carried out to investigate the effects of a topically applied retinol plus vitamin C combination on epidermal and dermal compartments of aged or photoaged human skin. The two studies were performed on postmenopausal women who were selected for treatment based on the mild level of elastosis of their facial skin. At completion of treatment, skin biopsies were collected and processed for classical histology and immunohistochemistry. In the first study (aged skin), 8 volunteers applied the retinol- and vitamin C-containing preparation on the ventral side of one elbow and the vehicle on the other elbow twice daily for 3 months. After the 3-month treatment we observed histological changes mainly within the epidermis. The stratum corneum was thinner with a compact pattern, whereas the epidermal proliferation increased, resulting in a thickening of the viable epidermis. Moreover, the interdigitation index was increased. In the second study (photoaged skin), 11 volunteers were divided in two groups; one applied the retinol- and vitamin C-containing preparation and the other one the vehicle on their face twice daily for 6 months. Facial skin samples presented histologic hallmarks of photoaging, i.e. accumulation of elastotic material in the papillary dermis. After the 6-month topical treatment, the observed histological changes were mainly concentrated at the dermal level. Both treated and control groups showed the same distribution pattern of type I procollagen, however, the high level of type III procollagen originally observed in photoaged skin was reduced in the retinol- and vitamin C-treated group, resulting in a lower type III-to-type I procollagen ratio. Furthermore, a wide band of eosinophilic material just beneath the epidermis, devoid of oxytalan fibers and forming the ‘grenz zone’, appeared more frequently and was larger in the retinol- and vitamin C-treated group. In conclusion, our results show that repeated topical application of a preparation containing both retinol and vitamin C is able to reverse, at least in part, skin changes induced by both chronologic aging and photoaging.

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Alterations in Human Dermal Connective Tissue with Age and Chronic Sun Damage

Cited by 282 publications

References 16 publications

All-trans retinoic acid (RA) stimulates events in organ-cultured human skin that underlie repair. Adult skin from sun-protected and sun-exposed sites responds in an identical manner to RA while neonatal foreskin responds differently.

All-trans retinoic acid (RA) stimulates events in organ-cultured human skin that underlie repair. Adult skin from sun-protected and sun-exposed sites responds in an identical manner to RA while neonatal foreskin responds differently.

Oxidative Stress and Human Skin Connective Tissue Aging

Histological Evaluation of a Topically Applied Retinol-Vitamin C Combination

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