Oxidative Stress and Human Skin Connective Tissue Aging

Abstract

Everyone desires healthy and beautiful-looking skin. However, as we age, our skin becomes old due to physiological changes. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is an important pathogenic factor involved in human aging. Human skin is exposed to ROS generated from both extrinsic sources such as as ultraviolet (UV) light from the sun, and intrinsic sources such as endogenous oxidative metabolism. ROS-mediated oxidative stress damages the collagen-rich extracellular matrix (ECM), the hallmark of skin connective tissue aging. Damage to dermal collagenous ECM weakens the skin's structural integrity and creates an aberrant tissue microenvironment that promotes age-related skin disorders, such as impaired wound healing and skin cancer development. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of ROS/oxidative stress and skin connective tissue aging.

A review of protection against exposome factors impacting facial skin barrier function with 89% mineralizing thermal water

“…Skin barrier function is comprised of a physical, hydric, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and photo‐protective barrier (Figure ). The skin is targeted by oxidative stress induced by ROS developed from both intrinsic and extrinsic sources . Protective mechanisms become activated when the skin is exposed to extrinsic exposome factors .…”

“…The skin is targeted by oxidative stress induced by ROS developed from both intrinsic and extrinsic sources . Protective mechanisms become activated when the skin is exposed to extrinsic exposome factors . These mechanisms include an increased synthesis of degradation proteins altering the structure of the stratum corneum and its physical resistance .…”

“…These mechanisms include an increased synthesis of degradation proteins altering the structure of the stratum corneum and its physical resistance . ROS‐induced oxidative stress contributes to dermal injury by up‐regulating multiple MMPs, inhibiting transforming growth factor beta (TGF‐β) signaling, reducing fibroblast size and subsequently impacting the quality and function of neocollagenesis . The increased production of multiple MMPs, decreased neocollagenesis, and the activation of proinflammatory cytokines impairs the skin's structural and mechanical integrity as observed in a skin aging‐associated microenvironment .…”

“…22,23 Protective mechanisms become activated when the skin is exposed to extrinsic exposome factors. 1,22 These mechanisms include an increased synthesis of degradation proteins altering the structure of the stratum corneum and its physical resistance. 20,21 ROS-induced oxidative stress contributes to dermal injury by up-regulating multiple MMPs, inhibiting transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling, reducing fibroblast size and subsequently impacting the quality and function of neocollagenesis.…”

“…20,21 ROS-induced oxidative stress contributes to dermal injury by up-regulating multiple MMPs, inhibiting transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β) signaling, reducing fibroblast size and subsequently impacting the quality and function of neocollagenesis. 22,23 The increased production of multiple MMPs, decreased neocollagenesis, and the activation of proinflammatory cytokines impairs the skin's structural and mechanical integrity as observed in a skin aging-associated microenvironment. 22,23 Exposure to exposome factors leads to age-related skin disorders and a decline of skin barrier function ( Figure 2).…”