Alloxan-glucose interaction: Effect on incorporation of14C-leucine into pancreatic islets of rat

Abstract

The acute effect of alloxan on the incorporation of 14C-leucine into isolated rat islets of Langerhans was studied. I.v. administration of alloxan (40 mg/kg body weight) in rats inhibited the subsequent in vitro incorporation of 14C-leucine into (pro-)insulin in the isolated islets. Glucose (750 mg/kg body weight), when administered 5 min prior to alloxan, completely protected the islets against alloxan toxicity. The protective effect of glucose was partly reversed when the concentration of alloxan was raised to 80 mg/kg body weight. Similar results of inhibition of (pro-)insulin biosynthesis by alloxan and its protection by glucose were obtained when isolated rat islets were exposed to alloxan and/or glucose in vitro. Islets exposed to glucose in vitro immediately after alloxan exposure showed a slower rate of inhibition of (pro-)insulin biosynthesis, as compared to islets washed before exposure to D-glucose. In view of these findings, it is suggested that there is a common recognition site on B-cell for alloxan and glucose.

Effect of Moringa oleifera leaf extract on serum lipids and glycaemic control in alloxan induced diabetic albino rats

“…This has been suggested to be associated with toxicity of alloxan on pancreatic beta cells 11 . There was also a report that the metabolic product, dialuric acid of alloxan, establishes a redox cycle which finally results in the formation of a free radical (superoxide radicals) 12 .…”

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“…After alloxan administration the animals blood glucose level was checked after 48 hrs to 72 hrs using glucometer, if the blood glucose level was above 140 mg/dl, that animal was consider as hyperglycaemic animals. These hyperglycaemic rats were used for the study 11 . Hyperglycemic control Alloxan induced hyperglycemic rats, treated with gum acacia solution (2.5%, 1 ml/kg body weight) orally for 21 successive days.…”

Optical and structural properties of biological tissues under diabetes mellitus

“…Accumulated mainly in the pancreas, they provoke the production of radicals that cause the destruction of the pancreas beta cells and, therefore, disturb the insulin production [9,10,11,75,89]. Since alloxan and streptozotocin have the structure resembling that of glucose, their accumulation occurs in the pancreas by means of glucose transporters, so that, as a rule, the animals are more susceptible to them on an empty stomach [9,11,90]. Thus, the injection of alloxan or streptozotocin to the animals induces the insulin-dependent (type I) diabetes mellitus [11,89].…”

“…Since the solutions of alloxan and streptozotocin are relatively unstable, they should be prepared immediately before the injection. Note that these substances can possess different degrees of toxicity with respect to other organs, too [9,90,91]. Besides the destruction of beta cells, alloxan and streptozotocin are capable of modifying biological macromolecules and DNA fragmenting [9,10,11,89].…”