All-Optical Regeneration

Leclerc, O.; Lavigne, B.; Chiaroni, D.; Desurvire, E.

doi:10.1016/b978-012395172-4/50015-2

Cited by 16 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 63 publications

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“…Finally, BBOR systems are tolerant to initial pulse shape/format, ranging from short-RZ pulse to 50%-RZ pulses to NRZ [33]. This result could lead to cost-effective simplification of system transceivers with the removal of RZ-shaping stages.…”

Section: The Black-box Optical Regenerator (Bbor) Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

All-optical signal regeneration: from first principles to a 40 Gbit/s system demonstration

Leclerc¹,

Lavigne²,

Balmefrezol³

et al. 2003

Comptes Rendus. Physique

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As optical amplifiers have opened new perspectives for optical communication systems with ultra-high capacities and longhaul transmission distances (more than 1 Tbit/s over 10 000 km), fundamental limits are being reached. In order to overcome these propagation impairments, another technology revolution is soon required. Promising developments concern in-line alloptical regeneration, which makes it possible to transmit optical data over virtually unlimited distances. In this article, we recall the basic principle of Optical Regeneration in optical communication systems and review the current technology alternatives foreseen for future 40 Gbit/s transmission system implementation. The alternative offered by opto-electronic regeneration is also discussed, as to identify and highlight the advantages of the all-optical approach. To cite this article: O. Leclerc et al., C. R. Physique 4 (2003).  2003 Académie des sciences/Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. RésuméL'avènement des amplificateurs optiques ayant ouvert de nouvelles perspectives pour les systèmes de communications optiques ultra longue distance et à ultra grande capacité (plus d'un Terabit/s sur 10 000 km), des limites fondamentales semblent aujourd'hui être atteintes. Afin de s'affranchir partiellement des dégradations du signal ayant trait à la propagation, une révolution technologique est devenue nécessaire. A ce titre, les techniques de régénération optique du signal en ligne permettant la transmission de données en optique sur des distances virtuellement infinies ont fait l'objet de récents développements prometteurs. Dans cet article, nous introduirons les principes de base de la Régénération Optique dans les systèmes optiques et nous détaillerons les différentes technologies envisagées pour son implantation dans les futurs systèmes de transmission à 40 Gbit/s. La solution offerte par la régénération opto-électronique sera aussi abordée afin notamment d'identifier et de mettre en avant les avantages des approches tout-optiques.

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Section: The Black-box Optical Regenerator (Bbor) Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

All-optical signal regeneration: from first principles to a 40 Gbit/s system demonstration

Leclerc¹,

Lavigne²,

Balmefrezol³

et al. 2003

Comptes Rendus. Physique

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“…It is noteworthy that in this trade-off regime OCC signals are neither purely-linear pulses nor exact nonlinear 'solitons', representing as many possible solutions for the so-called nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) [8,9]. To complete this inventory of new OCC features, one must finally consider all-optical in-line regeneration [4,10,11]. As the name indicates, signals can be periodically 'regenerated' as they propagate through the line.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantum and nonlinearity limitations of the optical communication channel

Desurvire¹

2003

Comptes Rendus. Physique

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We analyze the information-capacity limitations of the optical communication channel, as determined by noise accumulation from optical amplification and nonlinear wave-mixing. We review the concepts of signal-to-noise ratio and entropy for binarycoded and continuous communications, leading to a definition of ultimate capacity for the optically-amplified channel. A unified quantum model, describing both amplification and nonlinearity limitations, makes possible to determine the power transmission window within which the channel capacity can be maximized. To cite this article: E. Desurvire, C. R. Physique 4 (2003).  2003 Académie des sciences/Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. Résumé Nous analysons les limites en capacité d'information des communications par canal optique, telles que déterminées par l'accumulation du bruit d'amplification optique et de mélange à quatre-ondes non-linéaire. Nous revoyons les notions de rapport signal-à-bruit et d'entropie concernant les communications à codage binaire ou continu, lesquelles conduisent à la capacité ultime d'un canal optiquement amplifié. Un modèle quantique unifié, décrivant les limitations dues à l'amplification et à la non-linéarité, permet de déterminer la fenêtre de puissance signal à l'intérieur de laquelle la capacité du canal peut être maximisée. Pour citer cet article : E. Desurvire, C. R. Physique 4 (2003).  2003 Académie des sciences/Éditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS. Tous droits réservés.

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“…In addition, the resonant frequencies of these structures can now be tuned to overlap the telecommunication window centered around 1.55 mm [3]. It is thus conceivable to utilize the nonlinear optical response of these structures for practical ultrafast devices in all-optical communication and logic networks [4]. In this paper, we discuss measurements that quantify their nonlinear susceptibility (c ð3Þ ) in the weak field regime and the absorption saturation intensity under high excitation intensity.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement of optical nonlinearities from intersubband transitions in GaN/AlGaN quantum wells at 1.5 μm

Chen¹,

Rapaport²,

Mitrofanov³

et al. 2003

Physica Status Solidi (b)

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We measured the resonant nonlinear optical absorption and refraction due to intersubband transitions in GaN/AlGaN multiple quantum well structures at 1.5 mm. The measured values are much smaller than that predicted by theoretical studies. This is attributed to a larger than expected dephasing of excited electrons. At high excitation intensity, the absorption can be saturated.The resonant optical response from intersubband transitions (ISBT) in GaN/AlGaN quantum well (QW) structures is found to be well below a picosecond [1,2]. In addition, the resonant frequencies of these structures can now be tuned to overlap the telecommunication window centered around 1.55 mm [3]. It is thus conceivable to utilize the nonlinear optical response of these structures for practical ultrafast devices in all-optical communication and logic networks [4]. In this paper, we discuss measurements that quantify their nonlinear susceptibility (c ð3Þ ) in the weak field regime and the absorption saturation intensity under high excitation intensity. We show that the optical nonlinearity of these structures is smaller than previously predicted [5], leading to higher than expected saturation intensity. We attribute this small nonlinearity to the fast dephasing of the excited carriers.The structures were MBE grown on c-axis sapphire substrate [6]. Two types of samples were studied. The single QW samples consist of 15 or 100 sets of 12 â GaN QW bounded by 3 periods of Al 0:65 Ga 0:35 N/GaN (15 â/7.8 â) superlattice barriers, whereas the coupled QW structure consists of 25 sets of GaN/Al 0:85 Ga 0:15 N/GaN (12 â/10 â/12 â) bounded by 50 â layers of Al 0:85 Ga 0:15 N barriers [7]. They are both Si-doped in the QWs with a doping concentration of 10 19 À10 20 cm À3 . Linear absorption measurements were performed in the multi-pass geometry, shown in the inset of Fig. 1. In this configuration, the edges of the sample were polished at 45 to the surface to form a planar waveguide. For a half centimeter sized sample, the incident beam typically bounces back and forth roughly ten times. The transmission spectra shown in Fig. 1 were taken from the 15-well single QW sample using s-or p-polarized light. The ISBT transitions in the QWs can only be induced by fields that are perpendicular to the QW plane. Therefore, the absorption only occurs for the p-polarized light in the ideal case. Fig. 1b shows the absorption of p-polarized input light normalized to that of the s-polarized light. Details for the linear absorption of the coupled QW structures can be found in Ref. [7].The pump and probe experiments were performed in the single-pass configuration, shown in the inset of Fig. 2a. The two incident beams form a $15angle and the probe beam forms a $45 angle

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All-Optical Regeneration

Cited by 16 publications

References 63 publications

All-optical signal regeneration: from first principles to a 40 Gbit/s system demonstration

All-optical signal regeneration: from first principles to a 40 Gbit/s system demonstration

Quantum and nonlinearity limitations of the optical communication channel

Measurement of optical nonlinearities from intersubband transitions in GaN/AlGaN quantum wells at 1.5 μm

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