The DØ experiment enjoyed a very successful data-collection run at the Fermilab Tevatron collider between 1992 and 1996. Since then, the detector has been upgraded to take advantage of improvements to the Tevatron and to enhance its physics capabilities. We describe the new elements of the detector, including the silicon microstrip tracker, central fiber tracker, solenoidal magnet, preshower detectors, forward muon detector, and forward proton detector. The uranium/liquid-argon calorimeters and central muon detector, remaining from Run I, are discussed briefly. We also present the associated electronics, triggering, and data acquisition systems, along with the design and implementation of software specific to DØ.

This paper reviews the work carried out under the European ACTS KEOPS (KEys to Optical Packet Switching) project, centering on the definition, development and assessment of optical packet switching and routing networks capable of providing transparency to the payload bit rate. The adopted approach uses optical packets of fixed duration with low bit rate headers to facilitate processing at the network/node interfaces. The paper concentrates on the networking concepts developed in the KEOPS project through a description of the implementation issues pertinent to optical packet switching nodes and network/node interfacing blocks, and consideration of the network functionalities provided within the optical packet layer. The implementation, from necessity, relies on advanced optoelectronic components specifically developed within the project, which are also briefly described.

A variety of breast deformities of differing appearances can be grouped together within an extensive syndrome that is characterized by anomalies of the breast base and preferentially involves the lower quadrants. Tuberous breasts are the most typical, but not the only, form of the deformity. The authors studied a series of 37 patients who had breast surgery, and they used a classification of three types: I, II, and III (in increasing order of severity). In type I breasts (minor form), only the lower medial quadrant is deficient; in type II breasts, both lower quadrants are deficient; and in type III breasts, all four quadrants are deficient. The study showed a predominance of minor forms (54 percent of breasts operated on) and of combinations including at least one minor form (81 percent of patients). Seventy percent of women had a breast asymmetry of more than 100 g. Only 27 percent of breasts operated on were hypotrophic, 45 percent were of normal volume, and 28 percent were hypertrophic. The authors propose a procedure to treat the minor forms of the deformity, using a mammaplasty with a superior pedicle and a lower lateral dermoglandular flap to fill the deficient lower medial quadrant. They define the indications of the classic techniques according to the type of deformity and stress the frequent need for secondary revision.

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