All-in-one magnetic beads: Searching, capturing and simultaneous detection of dual tumor related proteins in real samples

Recent developments in carbon dots: a biomedical application perspective

“…1d). 21 The fluorescence intensity at 430 nm and 550 nm grew simultaneously as more and more CEA and CA125 were administered (Fig. 1e).…”

“…Reproduced with permission. 21 Copyright 2022, Elsevier. (f) Fluorescence spectra of C-CDs in response to different doses of HAase.…”

“…(d) Process of simultaneous detection of CEA and CA125 and (e) its FL response. Reproduced with permission 21. Copyright 2022, Elsevier.…”

Early detection of tumour-associated antigens: Assessment of point-of-care electrochemical immunoassays

“…Most electrochemical strategies for cancer biomarker detection exploit affinity assays combined with various voltametric techniques such as cyclic voltammetry (CV) [29], square wave voltammetry (SWV) [27,30,31], differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) [32,33], electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) [34,35], amperometry [36,37], electrochemiluminescence (ECL) [38] and potentiometry (e.g. field effect transistor (FET) [39]), these making them ideal candidates for point-of-care diagnostics.…”

“…In recent years, various types of nanomaterials and nanocomposites have emerged as promising tools for biomarkers detection, provided that they exhibit well-defined structures, suitable physico-chemical characteristics, and good biocompatibility [51]: carbon-based nanomaterials, e.g. carbon nanotubes (CNT) [52], graphene (GR) [53], carbon dots (CD) [38], nanodiamonds [54]), conductive polymers, noble metals (silver and gold), magnetic nanoparticles, metaleorganic frameworks (MOFs) and peptide molecular wires [27,34,55]. By modifying the electrode surface, as signal transducers, they provide the advantages of high signal amplification, multi-functionality, easy preparation and increased thermal stability [56].…”