One
reason that metal nanoparticles encapsulated in metal−organic
frameworks are of interest is that confinement effects on the particle
size and shape may lead to superior catalytic activity. The interior
of a metal–organic framework has the potential to influence
nucleation and aggregation of metal nanoparticles and to strongly
affect their in situ shape and electronic properties. We apply density
functional theory and ab initio molecular dynamics (AIMD) to model
the nucleation and diffusion of Cu
n
(n = 1–19) clusters on the tetratopic 1,3,6,8-(p-benzoate)pyrene (TBAPy4–) linkers of
NU-1000 frameworks. We find that Cu atoms and Cu clusters are stabilized
by the TBAPy linker, especially by the edge site of aromatic rings.
The stabilization increases when the Cu cluster interacts with two
linkers. We identified the most favorable site for Cu cluster adsorption
as the window site that connects the c pore and the
triangular pore. A Pt atom is found to bind much more strongly than
a Cu atom on the TBAPy linker, and AIMD simulations show that this
promotes Pt atom diffusion from the center of a Cu15 cluster
to the interface between the linker and the cluster. The strong interaction
between a Pt atom and a linker is attributed to the greater metal-to-linker
charge transfer.