Alkalinized Glutaraldehyde, a New Antimicrobial Agent

Borick, P. M.; Dondershine, F.H.; Chandler, Velma L.

doi:10.1002/jps.2600531041

Cited by 90 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…There is, however, a complex relationship among the parameters of concentration, temperature, and pH. The rate of bactericidal and sporicidal activity for aqueous acid solution is considerably lower than that for activated alkaline solution (26,27,84,120,137,212). As temperature is increased, however, this difference between alkaline and acid solutions is reduced (84,192,213 (194) (29) and B. pumilus (170) appear to be the most resistant.…”

Section: Sporostatic and Sporicidal Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The sporicidal activity of aldehydes other than glutaraldehyde and formaldehyde is equivocal (Table 5). Borick et al (26) stated that glyoxal was sporicidal, and Boucher (28,30) has considered the efficacy of various aldehydes. We have recently reexamined the effect of some aldehydes on B. subtilis NCTC 8236 spores (Power and Russell, in press).…”

Section: Sporostatic and Sporicidal Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial spores and chemical sporicidal agents

1990

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Bacterial spores are among the most resistant of all living cells to biocides, although the response depends on the stage of sporulation. The development of resistance to some agents such as chlorhexidine occurs much earlier in sporulation than does resistance to glutaraldehyde, which is a very late event. During germination or outgrowth or both, resistance is lost and the cells become as susceptible to biocides as nonsporulating bacteria. Mechanisms of spore resistance to, and the action of, biocides are discussed, and possible means of enhancing antispore activity are considered. The clinical and other uses of sporicidal and sporostatic chemical agents are described.

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Section: Sporostatic and Sporicidal Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sporostatic and Sporicidal Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial spores and chemical sporicidal agents

1990

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“…Stonehill et al (49) e Borick et al (51) encontraram o tempo de três horas para o glutaraldeído a 2% destruir esporos de Bacillus sp e Clostridium sp. Rubbo et al (52) relataram que 99,99% de esporos de Bacillus anthracis e Clostridium tetani foram eliminados com o tempo de 15 e 30 minutos, respectivamente.…”

Section: J Pneumol 28(5) -Set-out De 2002unclassified

Avaliação do risco de contaminação por bactérias, no paciente submetido à broncoscopia, após o reprocessamento do broncoscópio

et al. 2002

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Introdução: A broncoscopia é um procedimento diagnóstico e terapêutico realizado com a introdução nas vias aéreas de um tubo flexível que permite visualizar até as menores delas. Para evitar ou reduzir o risco de infecções, o broncoscópio deve ser adequadamente desinfetado com, pelo menos, desinfecção de alto nível. Objetivo: Verificar se há risco de contaminação bacteriana para os pacientes submetidos à broncoscopia do Hospital São Paulo da Unifesp, Estado de São Paulo. Métodos: No período de 1997 a 1998, o reprocessamento do broncoscópio incluiu limpeza e enxágüe com água estéril ou potável, seguida de rinsagem com glutaraldeído a 2% por 20 minutos, novo enxágüe com água estéril ou potável e rinsagem com álcool etílico a 70% e secagem com ar forçado pelo canal de sucção. Foram colhidas amostras de 65 pacientes para exames microbiológicos, instalando-se soro fisiológico estéril pelo canal de sucção do broncoscópio. Resultados: Após o reprocessamento foram encontrados nas amostras Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterobacter sp, Acinetobacter baumanni, Streptococcus viridans, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus beta hemoliticus A, Staphylococcus coagulase negativa e em cinco amostras houve crescimento de microbactéria na cultura. Conclusões: A desinfecç ão do broncoscópio com glutaraldeído a 2% não foi suficiente para garantir a desinfecção do aparelho e a presença de Staphylococcus epidermidis indica que houve contaminação do broncoscópio pela manipulação após a desinfecção.

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“…Prior to commercial GA production, formaldehyde had been a common medical disinfectant, despite its irritant properties, the significant time required for cold disinfection and its relative inability to kill bacterial spores (2). Searches for effective formaldehyde substitutes lead researchers to investigate the other aldehydes, before concluding that buffered alkaline solutions of GA (pH 7.5-8.5) had far superior antimicrobial and sporicidal properties (7). In this regard, a ranked comparison of the sporcidal activity of various aldehyde solutions is demonstrated in Table 1.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutaraldehyde exposure and its occupational impact in the health care environment

Smith

Wang

2006

Environ Health Prev Med

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Despite the search for effective and less toxic substitutes, glutaraldehyde (GA) remains one of the few substances capable of high-level instrument disinfection in modern health care. Workers commonly affected include operating room nurses, radiographers, x-ray technicians and cleaners. Widespread hospital usage combined with its well-known irritant properties, has ensured an increase in occupationally-related illnesses during recent years. Operating room nurses, laboratory workers and x-ray technicians frequently contact GA in both the liquid and vapor form. Workplace exposure is usually dependent on job tasks, ventilation levels and the use of protective equipment. GA is a relatively potent irritant and sensitizer, with a well-documented history of symptoms following occupational exposure. Although mechanisms for GA toxicity have been postulated, research on the toxicological, teratogenic and carcinogenic potential of this chemical has shown inconsistent results. Reducing workplace exposure to its lowest possible level represents the most important hazard reduction strategy. This may be achieved by keeping GA containers tightly sealed when not in use, maintaining adequate ventilation levels and the rigid adherence to appropriate personal protective equipment. Substitution with automated cold sterilization machines may be another appropriate measure, while banning unnecessary practices such as GA fogging and its use as a surface disinfectant may also be helpful in reducing occupational exposure in the health care environment.

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Alkalinized Glutaraldehyde, a New Antimicrobial Agent

Cited by 90 publications

References 2 publications

Bacterial spores and chemical sporicidal agents

Bacterial spores and chemical sporicidal agents

Avaliação do risco de contaminação por bactérias, no paciente submetido à broncoscopia, após o reprocessamento do broncoscópio

Glutaraldehyde exposure and its occupational impact in the health care environment

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