Aleutian Disease of Mink

Porter, David D.; Larsen, Austin E.; Porter, Helen G.

doi:10.1016/s0065-2776(08)60046-2

Cited by 108 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The disease is characterized by hyperstimulation of the humoral immune system, which causes plasmacytosis and hypergammaglobulinemia, occasionally with extreme serum gamma globulin values higher than 100 mg/ml (44). Such a condition normally contains a monoclonal immunoglobulin component, and this component has antibody activity toward the ADV VP1/ VP2 capsid (7).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In spite of these active immune functions, the virus persists, and the reason for this is not fully understood, although there are theories (55). Persistent virus and antibody cause immune complex formation, and AD is known as a classical example of immune complex disease (type 3 hypersensitivity) characterized by immune complex formation, glomerulonephritis, and arteritis (44).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The classical (adult) form of AD was described in 1956 by Hartsough and Gorham (30), and the disease is characterized by development of hypergammaglobulinemia (plasmacytosis), elevated levels of CD8-positive (CD8 ϩ ) lymphocytes, viral persistency, and immune complex formation (1,2,15,44). The most common pathological findings are glomerulonephritis and arteritis, and severely affected mink often die of renal failure (44). ADV cannot be neutralized in vivo despite the presence of very high concentrations in serum of antibody to virus capsid proteins (8,45).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Cytokine Profiles in Adult Mink Infected with Aleutian Mink Disease Parvovirus

Jensen¹,

Castelruiz²,

Aasted³

2003

J Virol

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The aim of this study was to examine the levels of gamma interferon (IFN-␥)-, interleukin 4 (IL-4)-, and IL-8-producing cells in peripheral blood mononuclear cells from mink infected with the Aleutian mink disease parvovirus (ADV). As expected, ADV-infected mink developed high plasma gamma globulin values (hypergammaglobulinemia) and enhanced quantities of CD8-positive (CD8؉ ) cells in the blood during the infection. We quantified the percentages of IFN-␥-and IL-4-positive lymphocytes and IL-8-positive monocytes up to week 38 after virus challenge. The results clearly indicated marked increases in the percentages of IFN-␥-and IL-4-producing lymphocytes during ADV infection. The total number of IL-8-producing monocytes in the blood of ADV-infected mink stayed fairly constant during the infection. In order to characterize the phenotype of the cytokine-producing cells, we performed double-labeling fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS) experiments with CD8 surface labeling in one channel and cytokine intracellular staining in the other. We found that most IFN-␥ and IL-4 in ADV-infected mink was produced by CD8؉ cells, while in the uninfected mink, these cytokines were primarily produced by a cell type that was not CD8 (possibly CD4-positive cells). We also observed that IL-8 was almost exclusively produced by monocytes. All of the above findings led us to conclude that both Th1-and Th2-driven immune functions are found in mink plasmacytosis.Aleutian mink disease (AD), also known as mink plasmacytosis, is a common and economically important disease in mink. It is caused by a persistent infection with Aleutian mink disease virus (ADV), a nondefective parvovirus (16). In newborn mink, ADV infection may cause atypical interstitial pneumonia (10). This was observed just 20 years ago (34). The classical (adult) form of AD was described in 1956 by Hartsough and Gorham (30), and the disease is characterized by development of hypergammaglobulinemia (plasmacytosis), elevated levels of CD8-positive (CD8 ϩ ) lymphocytes, viral persistency, and immune complex formation (1,2,15,44). The most common pathological findings are glomerulonephritis and arteritis, and severely affected mink often die of renal failure (44). ADV cannot be neutralized in vivo despite the presence of very high concentrations in serum of antibody to virus capsid proteins (8,45). In fact, antibody-mediated enhancement of infection has been observed in connection with ADV infection (3,14,15,32,43). With regard to the identity of the in vivo ADV replicating cell(s) it is generally agreed that the virus-permissive cells probably are Fc receptor-positive cells (7,11,15,32).There is only one existing report on cytokine levels during ADV infection (15). Using reverse transcription-PCR technology, this study reported higher interleukin 6 (IL-6) mRNA levels in lymph nodes from ADV-infected mink (10 and 60 days after infection) than from uninfected mink. It also found biologically active IL-6 in supernatants from short-term lymph node cultures from ADV-infected mi...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Cytokine Profiles in Adult Mink Infected with Aleutian Mink Disease Parvovirus

Jensen¹,

Castelruiz²,

Aasted³

2003

J Virol

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“…More recently, clear differences in'strain susceptibility have been observed in both induced and spontaneously occurring forms of systemic vasculitis in animals (reviewed in 11). In both Aleutian disease of mink and chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis in mice, vasculitis is thought to be a manifestation of the host immune response to a virus rather than a cytopathic effect of the virus per se (12,13).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HLA antigen frequencies in systemic vasculitis: increase in HLA‐DR2 in wegener's granulomatosis

Elkon

Sutherland

Rees

et al. 1983

Arthritis & Rheumatism

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“…This is one of many examples of the inability of the Ig response to deal with a persistent, intracellular virus. Another classical case is Aleutian disease of mink (67), where tissues are heavily infiltrated with plasma cells and there are massive levels of virus-specific Ig in serum. Viruses such as measles and HIV, which form syncitia (68) and may transmit from cell to cell without ever being free in tissue fluid, are particularly dangerous in this regard.…”

Section: Viral Persistence and Immunitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Some problem areas in the interaction between viruses and the immune system

Doherty

1987

Immunol Cell Biol

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Aleutian Disease of Mink

Cited by 108 publications

References 55 publications

Cytokine Profiles in Adult Mink Infected with Aleutian Mink Disease Parvovirus

Cytokine Profiles in Adult Mink Infected with Aleutian Mink Disease Parvovirus

HLA antigen frequencies in systemic vasculitis: increase in HLA‐DR2 in wegener's granulomatosis

Some problem areas in the interaction between viruses and the immune system

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