Some problem areas in the interaction between viruses and the immune system

Antiviral antibodies attenuate T-cell-mediated immunopathology following acute lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus infection

“…Thus, vaccines that elicit strong humoral responses to GP-1 epitopes should be effective against infection by these viruses. The presence of antibody or the rapid induction of memory humoral responses would be generated (14). Antibody alone may not be adequate to completely prevent replication or clear virus after infection, but it may limit the infection at a time when T-cell responses are not strong.…”

Mathematical modeling of MHC Class II mediated immune responses in tissues

“…Considering that the primary goal of the immune system is the defense of the host against infections, the mathematical modeling of immune responses during infectious disease and the study of the mechanisms of viral and bacterial infections became the focus of the attention of both theoretical and experimental immunology in the last few decades. Besides the already mentioned difficulty of understanding the switch of T H 1 and T H 2 immunity during infections caused by mycobacteria, modeling immune responses during infectious disease faces many conceptual difficulties [41,62,91,102,113,151,204,208]. Nevertheless, many important works of modeling immune responses against certain type of pathogens have made significant progress since the 1980s, these include: the temporal dynamics of the immune system against HIV infections [143,144,156,158]; the immune response against hepatitis B studied by [116,152], against influenza as modeled by [22], against bacterial infections modeled by [93] and against parasitic infections by [1,71].…”