Alendronate-modified hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for bone-specific dual delivery of drug and bone mineral

Abstract

Alendronate (Alen)-modified hydroxyapatite (HAp) nanoparticles with multilayers of poly(allylamine) (PAA) and alginate (ALG) were fabricated for bone-specific dual delivery of drug and mineral. Negatively charged HAp nanoparticles were coated with three layers of PAA and ALG using a layer-by-layer (LbL) method and then conjugated with Alen at the outmost layer of the LbL-coated HAp nanoparticles via carbodiimide chemistry. Alenmodified HAp nanoparticles had a spherical morphology and an average size of 61.5 nm. The superior adsorption property of the Alen-modified HAp nanoparticles was quantitatively confirmed using tricalcium phosphate disks as a bone model, compared to HAp nanoparticles. Cell culture assays revealed a higher proliferation rate and alkaline phosphatase activity of osteoblasts treated with the Alen-modified HAp nanoparticles.

Fabrication of nanoparticles for bone regeneration: new insight into applications of nanoemulsion technology

“…curcumin, [16][17][18]21 quercitrin 22,23 ), drugs inhibiting bone resorption (e.g. bisphosphonates such as alendronate [24][25][26] ) and others. This category of nanoparticles has been extensively investigated as bioactive components of bone implant materials such as bioinert synthetic polymers (e.g.…”

“…203 Incorporating drug-loaded NPs into bone implants aims to enhance cell-implant interactions and cellular behaviors involved in osteogenesis and osteointegration 8 or to prevent unwanted tissue response such as inflammation [16][17][18]21 or bone resorption. [24][25][26] The key advantage of drug immobilization in NPs is controlled sustained drug release due to the presence of a polymer matrix serving as a diffusion barrier for entrapped drug molecules. 16 In contrast to direct immobilization of drugs onto the surface of bone implants (e.g.…”

“…63 This type of NPs is typically made of biodegradable polymers such as poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA), poly(lactic acid) (PLA), poly(e-caprolactone) (PCL) or polyethylene glycol (PEG) and are predominantly applied as delivery vehicles for pro-osteogenic agents (e.g. bone morphogenetic proteins, BMPs [8][9][10] ) and drugs preventing bone resorption, [24][25][26] implant-related infections or inflammation. [16][17][18]21 Drug-loaded nanoparticles can provide controlled sustained drug release over extended periods of time 16,18,21,64 and can be easily introduced into bone defects (e.g.…”

Biomineralized hybrid nanoparticles for imaging and therapy of cancers

“…The biomineralization process is applied for a variety of purposes, such as photonics, mechanical support, and protection of the soft parts of the body (15). The formation process of the bone or shell is vital for building the skeleton of the body, which uses both inorganic (CaCO 3 , and CaP) and organic (proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates) materials (16)(17)(18). CaCO 3 and CaP are used in combination with organic polymers, such as chitin and collagen, to give structural support to bones and shells (19,20).…”

Enhanced Osteogenic Differentiation of Alendronate-Conjugated Nanodiamonds for Potential Osteoporosis Treatment

“…Choi et al designed Alen-modi ed hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and proved the capabilities of high a nities to tricalcium phosphate disk, bone-speci c proliferation, and enhanced differentiation of osteoblast. The dual delivery effect of therapeutic Alen and osteoconductive hydroxyapatite showed great potential for the treatment of bone diseases [23].…”