Biomineralized hybrid nanoparticles for imaging and therapy of cancers

Abstract

In this review, we describe the research trends of hybrid nanocarriers developed based on a biomimetic mineralization process, and their recent applications in imaging and therapy of cancers. Organic-inorganic hybrid nanostructures formed by diverse biomimetic mineralization approaches are briefly reviewed, and particularly, the biomedical applications of these hybrid nanocarriers for the diagnosis and therapy of cancers are discussed. Biomineralization is an important process in which living organisms produce biominerals, such as calcium phosphate (CaP), calcium carbonate (CaCO), and silica (SiO), to strengthen their tissues, as found in the formation of bone and teeth. Introducing the artificial biomimetic mineralization process to nanobiotechnology has inspired researchers to develop smart stimuli-responsive nanoparticles for multiple purposes, such as improved therapeutic activity and activatable imaging of cancers.

Research advances of nanomaterials for the acceleration of fracture healing

“…Nanotechnology, a crucial tissue engineering, has developed rapidly, creating nanomaterials for various biomedical applications, including drug delivery, tissue regeneration, antibacterial and anti-inflammatory, gene transfection, and imaging technologies [ 35 , 36 ]. Nanomaterials have important properties, including inducing cell differentiation and regulating cellular immunity.…”

Intracellular Antibody Delivery Mediated by Lipids, Polymers, and Inorganic Nanomaterials for Therapeutic Applications

“…In this process, calcium carbonate, silica, and calcium phosphate (CaP) are synthesized in a controlled manner for building hard tissues like bone and teeth. [198] By combining biomineralization and nanotechnology, researchers have developed a variety of novel nanomaterials for biomedical applications such as bone and enamel repair, bioimaging, and drug delivery. [198,199] Biomineralized nanomaterials generally have good biocompatibility and intriguing mechanical and chemical properties.…”

“…[198] By combining biomineralization and nanotechnology, researchers have developed a variety of novel nanomaterials for biomedical applications such as bone and enamel repair, bioimaging, and drug delivery. [198,199] Biomineralized nanomaterials generally have good biocompatibility and intriguing mechanical and chemical properties. For example, CaP nanoparticles are readily synthesized and stable at physiological pH, but are degraded completely into nontoxic ionic species in weak acidic environments.…”

Tannic Acid-Assisted Biomineralization Strategy for Encapsulation and Intracellular Delivery of Protein Drugs

“…However, since the loading of proteins on or inside a polynuclear complex is generally performed by physical adsorption or conjugation, potential toxicity in further application due to off-target delivery is inevitable. The emergence of biomimetic mineralization technology provides an effective way to solve the above issues. , Biological mineralization is a process in which organisms can control the synthesis of inorganic minerals . The as-generated biological minerals have successfully been used for supporting and protecting biological soft tissues.…”

“…The emergence of biomimetic mineralization technology provides an effective way to solve the above issues. 22,23 Biological mineralization is a process in which organisms can control the synthesis of inorganic minerals. 24 The as-generated biological minerals have successfully been used for supporting and protecting biological soft tissues.…”