Alcohol-Related Diseases of the Mouth and Throat

Riedel, Frank; Goessler, Ulrich Reinhart; Hörmann, K.

doi:10.1159/000090166

Cited by 28 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 145 publications

(115 reference statements)

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“…Anecdotally, MSWs describe the general practice of retaining ejaculate in their mouth until after the sex act has been completed, rather than swallowing it. However, it is well established in the available clinical literature that alcohol has the effect of reducing saliva and related protective enzymes in the mouth, and generally contributes to increased dryness in the mouth (Riedel et al, 2005). Thus, independent of whatever impact it may have on intention and cognitive decision- making, alcohol use before and during sex may create an environment in the mouth and throat that facilitates transmission of oral STIs.…”

Section: Discussion/conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substance use among male sex workers in Vietnam: Prevalence, onset, and interactions with sexual risk

Clatts

Goldsamt

et al. 2015

International Journal of Drug Policy

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Background HIV research in Vietnam has focused primarily on its large heroin injector population. Data on men who have sex with men [MSM], particularly the large and growing population of men who exchange sex for money or other material rewards, male sex workers [MSWs], is very limited. Methods Data derive from a cross-sectional study of MSW, age 16-35, recruited using community sampling methods in three cities in 2010-2011, including Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City [HCMC], and Nha Trang City (n=710). Assessments included demographic characteristics, substance use, sexual risk, and use of health services. A series of “event” questions were used to assess the influence of alcohol and drugs on sexual risk. Results Both tobacco and alcohol are initiated at a young age and most participants currently use both substances overall across all three cities. While alcohol and tobacco use precede the initiation of sex work, stimulant and opiate use are initiated following the initiation of sex work. There was substantial overlap between substance use and sexual risk, and this overlap was strongest in sexual events involving male and female elective partners rather than sex work clients. Conclusion Although rates of HIV infection in this group are low, this may be an artifact of the young age of the sample. High rates of drug use, including alcohol, tobacco and illicit drugs, coupled with high rates of ulcerative STIs such as HPV, suggest the potential for rapid amplification of STI/HIV risk among MSW and their complex sex partnering networks.

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Section: Discussion/conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Substance use among male sex workers in Vietnam: Prevalence, onset, and interactions with sexual risk

Clatts

Goldsamt

et al. 2015

International Journal of Drug Policy

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“…It has been reported that chronic ethanol consumption leads to fat accumulation in salivary glands, acinar cell swelling, gland atrophy, as well as to reduced www.fhc.viamedica.pl salivary flow rate, and markedly decreased salivary protein and glycoprotein levels [6,30,31]. A diffuse infiltration of salivary gland stroma by mononuclear inflammatory cells or their concentration around the salivary ducts has also been reported [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of chronic alcohol intoxication and smoking on the activity of oral peroxidase

Waszkiewicz¹,

Zalewska²,

Szajda³

et al. 2012

Folia Histochem Cytobiol.

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Peroxidase is the most important antioxidant enzyme in saliva. Through peroxidation of thiocyanate in the presence of H₂O₂, peroxidase catalyses the formation of bacteriocidic compounds such as hypothiocyanate.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of chronic alcohol intoxication and smoking on the activity of oral peroxidase (OPO). A total of 37 volunteers participated in the study. This cohort consisted of 17 male alcohol-dependent smoking patients after chronic alcohol intoxication (AS group, alcohol + smoking) (mean age: 42 years; range: 26-55) (100-700 g/day of alcohol; 10-20 cigarettes/day) and 20 control male social drinkers(CNS group, control non-smokers) with no history of alcohol abuse or smoking (mean age: 42 years; range:30-53). Salivary peroxidase activity was measured by the colorimetric method. The differences between groups were evaluated using the Mann-Whitney U test. There was significantly higher activity of OPO (p = 0.00001)and significantly lower salivary flow (SF) (p = 0.007) in alcohol-dependent smokers after chronic alcohol intoxication compared to the control group. OPO activity significantly correlated with the number of days of alcohol intoxication, but not with smoking. Gingival index (GI) was significantly higher in smoking alcohol-dependent persons than in the control group, and correlated with OPO activity. The sensitivity of the OPO test was 70% in smoking alcoholics, while specificity was 95%. The increased activity of OPO suggests chronic oxidative stress is more likely due to ethanol action than to smoking. Smoking alcohol-dependent persons have a worse periodontal status than controls. OPO activity as a marker of chronic alcohol abuse may help in the diagnosis of alcoholism.

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“…Chronic alcohol drinking affects oral mucosa (epithelial atrophy or dysplasia with hyperregeneration), salivary glands (fat accumulation, acinar cell swelling, atrophy, diffuse immune infiltration), saliva (reduced: SF rate, sodium, bicarbonate and chlorine concentrations, as well as some of salivary proteins and glycoproteins levels, e.g. amylase) (Riedel et al, 2003;Waszkiewicz et al, 2011bWaszkiewicz et al, , 2013b. Chronic cigarette smoking and tobacco using induce pigmentation and thickening of the oral mucosa epithelium as well as inflammation, swollen secretory cells of the salivary glands and decreased secretion of salivary proteins (including peroxidase, lysozyme, lactoferrin), or increased levels of immunoglobulin A (Winn, 2001;Waszkiewicz et al, 2012bWaszkiewicz et al, ,c,d,e, 2013c.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%