Air‐water gas exchange of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and the enantiomers of α‐HCH in Arctic regions

Jantunen, Liisa M.; Bidleman, Terry F.

doi:10.1029/96jd02352

Cited by 130 publications

(136 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Spatial differences of the HCH in this study are the most consistent across animal groups for any of the OC groups examined here and agree with other circumpolar trends of HCHs observed in water (35,36), and ringed seals (4). The …”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Why Do Organochlorine Differences between Arctic Regions Vary among Trophic Levels?

Borgå

Gabrielsen

Skaare

et al. 2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Statistical analysis of organochlorine contaminants (OCs) in marine mammals has shown that, for most OCs, the European Arctic is more contaminated than the Canadian and U.S. Arctic. Recently, comparison of OC concentration ranges in seabirds, arctic cod (Boregadus saida), and zooplankton, found no difference between these regions. To address these inconsistencies, marine food web OC data from the European (central Barents Sea (CBS)) and Canadian Arctic (Northwater Polynya (NOW)) were simultaneously statistically analyzed. In general, concentra tions of OCs were greater in seabirds and ringed seals (Phoca hispida) from the CBS as compared to the NOW; consistent with circumpolar trends observed in marine mammals. In contrast, levels of OCs were generally similar in zooplankton and arctic cod between the CBS and NOW. The main exception is HCH which had greater levels in the NOW across all trophic levels because of the greater proximity to sources in eastern Asia. The lack of differences in OC concentrations in zooplankton and Arctic cod from the European and Canadian Arctic suggest that regional differences in OC contamination in the Arctic have evened out. Reduced regional differences were not observed in marine mammals or seabirds because they are long-lived and also acquire contaminants from maternal transfer and hence reflect levels from the past when the European Arctic was more contaminated than the Canadian Arctic. In addition, seabirds may reflect exposure from other areas. This study highlights the potential problem of comparing spatial trends by using means and confidence intervals as compared to simultaneous statistical analysis of raw data. Differences in the spatial trends of OCs between trophic levels in the Arctic are important for consideration when assessing regional differences in spatial and temporal trends of discontinued and current-use contaminants.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Why Do Organochlorine Differences between Arctic Regions Vary among Trophic Levels?

Borgå

Gabrielsen

Skaare

et al. 2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…A summary of sampling and processing methods and water volumes is given in Table S1. PUF and XAD-2 precleaning methods and sample extraction are described in (Jantunen and Bidleman, 1998;Jantunen et al, 2004, Wong et al, 2011. GFF/Fs were not analyzed, except on AOS-1994 where filter-retained percentages were 0.3-27% for cyclodiene pesticides and 2-27% for chlorobornanes (Jantunen and Bidleman, 1998).…”

Section: Sample Collectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

20 Years of Air–Water Gas Exchange Observations for Pesticides in the Western Arctic Ocean

Jantunen

Wong

Gawor

et al. 2015

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…Physicochemical data used in estimations for a-and g-HCH were from Mackay (2001). (3) Jantunen and Bidleman (1996). (4) Strachan et al (2000).…”

Section: Bioaccumulation Factors and Equilibriummentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparing measured and predicted PCB concentrations in Arctic seawater and marine biota

Borgå

Guardo

2005

Science of The Total Environment

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When a mechanistic food web model was parameterized for the Arctic marine ecosystem, it predicted PCB concentrations in zooplankton and fish that were two orders of magnitude lower than measured. PCB concentrations measured in zooplankton and fish were within the laboratory's accredited quality assured criteria, and were comparable to other Arctic regions. Although on a different scale, the predicted and measured PCB concentrations were highly correlated. As sensitivity analyses indicated water concentrations as the most sensitive parameter for the model output, dissolved water concentrations were predicted using measured zooplankton and air PCB concentrations, and empirical and mechanistic models. The food web model and the empirical relationship between bioaccumulation factor and octanol-water partitioning coefficient predicted mean dissolved water concentrations of 28 and 29 pg/L P PCB 6 (PCB-28, -52, -105, -118, -138, -153), respectively. Mean dissolved water concentration predicted from measured air concentrations in 1996 was 7.6 pg/L P PCB 5 (PCB-28 was not analysed). Mean dissolved water concentration measured in Barents Sea water sampled simultaneously as the biota in 1999 was 0.3 pg/L P PCB 6 . The dissolved water concentrations predicted from zooplankton PCB concentrations were comparable to water concentrations measured in 1996, whereas the dissolved water concentrations measured in 1999 were comparable to measurements from 2001. If the present high empirically derived bioaccumulation factors (log BAF 7.3-9.0) were realistic, this suggests that bioaccumulation in Arctic zooplankton is more efficient that previously assumed. The present study illustrates and discusses some of the difficulties encountered when different approaches to study environmental distribution of contaminants are compared. D

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Air‐water gas exchange of hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs) and the enantiomers of α‐HCH in Arctic regions

Cited by 130 publications

References 47 publications

Why Do Organochlorine Differences between Arctic Regions Vary among Trophic Levels?

Why Do Organochlorine Differences between Arctic Regions Vary among Trophic Levels?

20 Years of Air–Water Gas Exchange Observations for Pesticides in the Western Arctic Ocean

Comparing measured and predicted PCB concentrations in Arctic seawater and marine biota

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