Comparing measured and predicted PCB concentrations in Arctic seawater and marine biota

Borgå, Katrine; Guardo, Antonio Di

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2004.12.043

Cited by 29 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…The control scenario was compared to measured g-HCH, PCB-52, and PCB-153 concentrations in the Barents Sea food web in May 1999 [30][31][32][33]. The model performance was evaluated by standardizing both simulated control scenario results and measured data against the herbivorous copepod C. glacialis.…”

Section: Simulating Bioaccumulation Changes In a Projected Future CLImentioning

confidence: 99%

“…b Individual weights: Algae (estimated from pictures), copepods weight from Scott et al [44], krill and amphipods calculated from sample wet weight and number of individuals, polar cod weight from Borgå and Di Guardo [30], kittiwake weight from Borgå et al [33]. c Lipid %: Algae (estimated assuming that fraction organic carbon in particulate organic matter [POM] is 20%, and that POM consist of 10 to 15% phytoplankton in addition to fecal pellets; considering that K OC is 0.41 Â K OW , then POM has 0.10% lipid); copepods, krill, amphipods, and polar cod lipid % from Borgå and Di Guardo [30], kittiwake lipid % from Borgå et al [33]. d g-HCH half-life: in fish from other studies [45][46][47], in birds from Borgå et al [32].…”

Section: Simulating Bioaccumulation Changes In a Projected Future CLImentioning

confidence: 99%

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Simulating climate change‐induced alterations in bioaccumulation of organic contaminants in an Arctic marine food web

Borgå

Saloranta

Ruus

2010

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Climate change is expected to alter environmental distribution of contaminants and their bioaccumulation due to changes in transport, partitioning, carbon pathways, and bioaccumulation process rates. Magnitude and direction of these changes and resulting overall bioaccumulation in food webs is currently not known. The present study investigates and quantifies the effect of climate change in terms of increased temperature and primary production (i.e., concentrations of particulate organic carbon, C(POC)), on bioaccumulation of organic contaminants in biota at various trophic levels. The present study covers only parts of the contaminant behavior that is influenced by climate change, and it was assumed that there were no changes in food web structure and in total air and water concentrations of organic contaminants. Therefore, other climate change-induced effects on net bioaccumulation, such as altered contaminant transport and food web structure, should be addressed in future studies. To determine the effect of climate change, a bioaccumulation model was used on the pelagic marine food web of the Arctic, where climate change is expected to occur fastest and to the largest magnitude. The effect of climate change on model parameters and processes, and on net bioaccumulation, were quantified for three modeling substances (gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane [HCH], polychlorinated biphenyl [PCB]-52, and PCB-153) for two possible climate scenarios. In conclusion, increased temperature and C(POC) reduced the overall bioaccumulation of organic contaminants in the Arctic marine food web, with the largest change being for PCB-52 and PCB-153. Reduced bioavailability, due to increased C(POC), was the most influential parameter for the less water soluble compounds. Increase in temperature resulted in an overall reduction in net bioaccumulation.

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Section: Simulating Bioaccumulation Changes In a Projected Future CLImentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Simulating Bioaccumulation Changes In a Projected Future CLImentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulating climate change‐induced alterations in bioaccumulation of organic contaminants in an Arctic marine food web

Borgå

Saloranta

Ruus

2010

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…We hypothesize that differences between spatial trends of OCs in zooplankton, fish, and seabirds, and marine mammals, noted in recent reviews, are due to lack of rigorous statistical data analyses. To more fully examine spatial OC variation in the North American and European Arctic and the differences between OC trends in marine mammals and some seabird species, and lower trophic level animals, we combined selected data sets from food web studies in northern Baffin Bay (11,14,15) and Barents Sea (9,10,16,17) and performed simultaneous statistical analyses.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Why Do Organochlorine Differences between Arctic Regions Vary among Trophic Levels?

Borgå

Gabrielsen

Skaare

et al. 2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Statistical analysis of organochlorine contaminants (OCs) in marine mammals has shown that, for most OCs, the European Arctic is more contaminated than the Canadian and U.S. Arctic. Recently, comparison of OC concentration ranges in seabirds, arctic cod (Boregadus saida), and zooplankton, found no difference between these regions. To address these inconsistencies, marine food web OC data from the European (central Barents Sea (CBS)) and Canadian Arctic (Northwater Polynya (NOW)) were simultaneously statistically analyzed. In general, concentra tions of OCs were greater in seabirds and ringed seals (Phoca hispida) from the CBS as compared to the NOW; consistent with circumpolar trends observed in marine mammals. In contrast, levels of OCs were generally similar in zooplankton and arctic cod between the CBS and NOW. The main exception is HCH which had greater levels in the NOW across all trophic levels because of the greater proximity to sources in eastern Asia. The lack of differences in OC concentrations in zooplankton and Arctic cod from the European and Canadian Arctic suggest that regional differences in OC contamination in the Arctic have evened out. Reduced regional differences were not observed in marine mammals or seabirds because they are long-lived and also acquire contaminants from maternal transfer and hence reflect levels from the past when the European Arctic was more contaminated than the Canadian Arctic. In addition, seabirds may reflect exposure from other areas. This study highlights the potential problem of comparing spatial trends by using means and confidence intervals as compared to simultaneous statistical analysis of raw data. Differences in the spatial trends of OCs between trophic levels in the Arctic are important for consideration when assessing regional differences in spatial and temporal trends of discontinued and current-use contaminants.

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“…To best of our knowledge, there are no studies available reporting legacy POPs in zooplankton from remote High Arctic Lakes. Most of the studies available are focused on the marine Arctic − ,− showing PCB concentrations in the range from 28.9 ± 6.0 ng/g lw in zooplankton collected in Barrow Strait offshore of Resolute Bay (Cornwallis Island) to 653 ± 334 ng/g lw in zooplankton from the White Sea. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) for individual PCB congeners and OCPs (BAF, L/Kg lipid), eq , in zooplankton from West and East Lakes was calculated as …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Snow Deposition and Melting as Drivers of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Organochlorine Pesticides in Arctic Rivers, Lakes, and Ocean

Cabrerizo

Muir

Teixeira

et al. 2019

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Concurrent sampling of freshwater (lakes and rivers), seawater, snow, air, and zooplankton for a range of legacy polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) was undertaken in the Canadian High Arctic during ice-covered, melting, and ice-free conditions. Overall, there was a general trend of higher fluvial PCB/OCP concentrations associated with the spring snow melt (early-mid June), while much lower concentrations were detected during the snow-free season (end of July). In contrast, PCB concentrations in two Arctic lakes (West and East Lakes, Melville Island) and in ocean waters, sharply increased in the ice-free period, likely because of inputs from the ice/snow layer melting and river runoff. The resulting air−water fugacity ratios and fluxes followed a remarkable shift during the sampling campaign. PCBs and OCPs shifted from equilibrium during ice/snow-covered conditions toward a clear net volatilization of PCBs and most of the OCPs during snow/ice-free conditions. Differences in the bioaccumulation factor for PCB/OCPs in zooplankton between West and East Lakes were observed, likely because of zooplankton being exposed to more contaminated food in West Lake due to higher turbidity related to in-lake disturbances. snow−land−water−plankton, during the periods from icecovered, melting to summer transition in surface waters. The scarce multicompartmental studies on POPs in the Arctic, are mainly focused on spring sea-ice melt at coastal sites in the northeast Greenland, 14 at melt ponds at the Resolute Passage, Canadian Arctic 23 and on air−water−plankton assessments in the Greenland Current and Atlantic sector of the Arctic Ocean. 17 While current-use pesticides have been reported in Canadian Arctic lakes between 1999 and 2001, 24 the levels of legacy PCBs and OCPs in High Arctic lakes and inflow streams remain relatively unexplored. An exception is a pioneering study in Amituk Lake on Cornwallis Island, 25 which examined the concentrations and fluxes of legacy OCPs such as αand γhexachlorocyclohexane (HCHs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), PCBs, and dieldrin during the summers of 1992 to 1994. During winter conditions in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, lakes, rivers, and much of the Arctic Ocean are completely frozen. A firm ice/snow layer isolates water and biota, from atmospheric inputs of POPs, which serves, on the one hand, as a temporary barrier, but on the other hand, acts as

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Comparing measured and predicted PCB concentrations in Arctic seawater and marine biota

Cited by 29 publications

References 65 publications

Simulating climate change‐induced alterations in bioaccumulation of organic contaminants in an Arctic marine food web

Simulating climate change‐induced alterations in bioaccumulation of organic contaminants in an Arctic marine food web

Why Do Organochlorine Differences between Arctic Regions Vary among Trophic Levels?

Snow Deposition and Melting as Drivers of Polychlorinated Biphenyls and Organochlorine Pesticides in Arctic Rivers, Lakes, and Ocean

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