20 Years of Air–Water Gas Exchange Observations for Pesticides in the Western Arctic Ocean

Jantunen, Liisa M.; Wong, Fiona; Gawor, Anya; Kylin, Henrik; Helm, Paul A.; Stern, Gary A.; Strachan, William M. J.; Burniston, D.; Bidleman, Terry F.

doi:10.1021/acs.est.5b01303

Cited by 49 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Pentachloronitrobenzene has also been found throughout the Arctic but is detected less consistently than the other CUPs described in the present study . Several of the contaminants investigated here were also recently reported in data from cruises of the Beaufort Sea and the central, high Arctic Archipelago . Concentrations that were within reasonable range of the present study's results included (ranges from the present study are in parentheses) dacthal 4.6 pg L −1 to 13 pg L −1 (0.77–15 pg L −1 ), chlorpyrifos 2.3 pg L −1 to 18 pg L −1 (0.39–8.3 pg L −1 ), α‐endosulfan 1.6 pg L −1 to 5.5 pg L −1 (0.20–2.4 pg L −1 ), and endosulfan sulfate 0.28 pg L −1 to 26 pg L −1 (not detected to 19 pg L −1 ).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Current‐use pesticides in seawater and their bioaccumulation in polar bear–ringed seal food chains of the Canadian Arctic

Morris

Muir²,

Solomon

et al. 2016

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The distribution of current-use pesticides (CUPs) in seawater and their trophodynamics were investigated in 3 Canadian Arctic marine food chains. The greatest ranges of dissolved-phase concentrations in seawater for each CUP were endosulfan sulfate (less than method detection limit (MDL) to 19 pg L(-1) ) > dacthal (0.76-15 pg L(-1) ) > chlorpyrifos (less than MDL to 8.1 pg L(-1) ) > pentachloronitrobenzene (less than MDL to 2.6 pg L(-1) ) > α-endosulfan (0.20-2.3 pg L(-1) ). Bioaccumulation factors (BAFs, water-respiring organisms) were greatest in plankton, including chlorothalonil (log BAF = 7.4 ± 7.1 L kg(-1) , mean ± standard error), chlorpyrifos (log BAF = 6.9 ± 6.7 L kg(-1) ), and α-endosulfan (log BAF = 6.5 ± 6.0 L kg(-1) ). The largest biomagnification factors (BMFs) were found for dacthal in the capelin:plankton trophic relationship (BMF = 13 ± 5.0) at Cumberland Sound (Nunvavut), and for β-endosulfan (BMF = 16 ± 4.9) and α-endosulfan (BMF = 9.3 ± 2.8) in the polar bear-ringed seal relationship at Barrow and Rae Strait (NU), respectively. Concentrations of endosulfan sulfate exhibited trophic magnification (increasing concentrations with increasing trophic level) in the poikilothermic portion of the food web (trophic magnification factor = 1.4), but all of the CUPs underwent trophic dilution in the marine mammal food web, despite some trophic level-specific biomagnification. Together, these observations are most likely indicative of metabolism of these CUPs in mammals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2016;35:1695-1707. © 2016 SETAC.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 87%

Current‐use pesticides in seawater and their bioaccumulation in polar bear–ringed seal food chains of the Canadian Arctic

Morris

Muir²,

Solomon

et al. 2016

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…Jantunen et al () recently summarized 20 years of study of CUPs in western Arctic seawater and the atmosphere. Seawater and atmosphere are both crucial pathways for the transport of CUPs to high latitudes, with the mode of transport depending on their chemical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Accordingly, research has become more focused on CUPs sources, environmental behavior, transport, and fate in the environment (He & Balasubramanian, 2009;Macdonald et al, 2003). Jantunen et al (2015) recently summarized 20 years of study of CUPs in western Arctic seawater and the atmosphere. Seawater and atmosphere are both crucial pathways for the transport of CUPs to high latitudes, with the mode of transport depending on their chemical properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatial Distributions and Seasonal Changes of Current‐Use Pesticides from the North Pacific to the Arctic Oceans

et al. 2019

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Distributions of eight targeted current‐use pesticides (CUPs) chloroneb, simazine, atrazine, alachlor, dacthal, chlorobenzilate, methoxychlor, and permethrin were investigated in seawater and the atmosphere in a region covering the North Pacific to the Arctic Oceans during the 7th and 8th Chinese National Arctic Research Expedition (2016 and 2017) voyages of the research vessel R/V Xuelong (Snow Dragon in English). Total CUP concentrations in seawater have prominent seasonal and latitudinal trends, with higher concentrations occurring at lower latitudes in early summer. The major contributors of the CUPs (∑8CUP) did not alter over different seasons with dominant chloroneb, alachlor, and atrazine accounting for more than 90%, but their concentrations did have marked seasonal changes. However, the compositions of the eight analyzed CUPs varied indistinctly between seasons indicating a possible combined environmental impact on these compounds rather than the effects of individual chemical properties. Three‐day backward air mass trajectories indicate that atmospheric masses from northeastern China are responsible for the high concentrations of CUPs in East China and Japan Seas, whereas those from the North Atlantic Ocean contribute to the low levels in local area. Fugacity ratios indicate potential volatilization and equilibrium of chloroneb in the Canada Basin of the Arctic Ocean and Japan Sea, respectively, and deposition of other CUPs in both regions. However, atmospheric concentrations are decoupled from those in seawater, which indicates a low exchange rate.

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“…The CUPs that have been detected in remote environments have diverse physicochemical properties and production volumes . In northern Canada, CUPs have been reported in Arctic air , lakes , seawater , and ringed seal ( Pusa hispida ) food webs . Modeled data also show that the Arctic contamination potential of CUPs varies; some have Arctic contamination potentials within range of legacy OCPs (α‐endosulfan, dacthal), whereas others are highly dependent on specific conditions for transport and deposition to northern latitudes .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trophodynamics of current use pesticides and ecological relationships in the Bathurst region vegetation‐caribou‐wolf food chain of the Canadian Arctic

Morris

Muir

Solomon

et al. 2014

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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The bioaccumulation of current use pesticides (CUPs) and stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen were investigated in vegetation-caribou-wolf food chain in the Bathurst region (Nunavut, Canada). Volumetric bioconcentration factors (BCF(v)) in vegetation were generally greatest for dacthal (10-12) ≥ endosulfan sulfate (10-11) > ß-endosulfan (>9.0-9.7) ≥ pentachloronitrobenzene (PCNB; 8.4-9.6) > α-endosulfan (8.3-9.3) > chlorpyrifos (8.0-8.7) >chlorothalonil (7.6-8.3). The BCF(v) values in vegetation were significantly correlated with the logarithm of the octanol-air partition coefficients (log K(OA)) of CUPs (r(2) = 0.90, p = 0.0040), although dacthal was an outlier and not included in this relationship. Most biomagnification factors (BMFs) for CUPs in caribou:diet comparisons were significantly less than 1. Similarly, the majority of wolf:caribou BMFs were either significantly less than 1 or were not statistically greater than 1. Significant trophic magnification factors (TMFs) were all less than 1, indicating that these CUPs exhibit trophic dilution through this terrestrial food chain. The log K(OA) reasonably predicted bioconcentration in vegetation for most CUPs but was not correlated with BMFs or TMFs in mammals. Our results, along with those of metabolic studies, suggest that mammals actively metabolize these CUPs, limiting their biomagnification potential despite entry into the food chain through effective bioconcentration in vegetation.

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20 Years of Air–Water Gas Exchange Observations for Pesticides in the Western Arctic Ocean

Abstract: The arctic has been contaminated by legacy organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and currently used pesticides (CUPs) through atmospheric transport and oceanic currents. Here we report time trends

Cited by 49 publications

References 79 publications

Current‐use pesticides in seawater and their bioaccumulation in polar bear–ringed seal food chains of the Canadian Arctic

Current‐use pesticides in seawater and their bioaccumulation in polar bear–ringed seal food chains of the Canadian Arctic

Spatial Distributions and Seasonal Changes of Current‐Use Pesticides from the North Pacific to the Arctic Oceans

Trophodynamics of current use pesticides and ecological relationships in the Bathurst region vegetation‐caribou‐wolf food chain of the Canadian Arctic

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