Air Sampling at the Chest and Ear as Representative of the Breathing Zone

Guffey, Steven E.; Flanagan, Mary Ellen; Belle, Gerald van

doi:10.1202/0002-8894(2001)062<0416:asatca>2.0.co;2

Cited by 14 publications

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“…The adjacent nose position would be expected to be nearly the same as the mouth but somewhat more convenient for sampling. Sampler positions in front of the ear and on top of the shoulder were studied and rejected by Guffey et al (2001) as they found -3 -concentrations there to be both erratic and substantially (~70%) lower than samples collected at the mouth.…”

Section: -Xv -mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of breathing, posture, and air velocity on breathing zone gas concentrations for human subjects in a wind tunnel

El-Sotouhy¹

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Industrial hygienists generally place air-sampling probes on the mid to upper torso of workers when attempting to determine inhaled concentrations. There is no convincing evidence that concentrations measured on the chest are equal to inhaled concentrations. To determine how well surrogate locations matched concentrations at the mouth (C mouth), low concentrations of ethanol in nitrogen were released between the hands of standing and seated human subjects while they moved children's blocks back and forth over the source. I would like to extend my sincere appreciation and deep gratitude to Dr. Steve Guffey for making this accomplishment possible. I would like to thank him for having confidence and faith and willingness to spend all that time with me and giving me the opportunity to work on this project. Through his care and keen efforts, I have passed many difficulties and achieved immensely.

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Section: -Xv -mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of breathing, posture, and air velocity on breathing zone gas concentrations for human subjects in a wind tunnel

El-Sotouhy¹

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“…al. (4) suggest that when a gas emission source is at waist level, the lapel samples are greater than those at the nose or ear locations. Alternatively, in mining, it is also possible that bumping the roof with the cap lamp or liberating dust at the roof during roof supporting operations may cause more dust to be sampled at the cap lamp than at the lapel location.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Determining the Spatial Variability of Personal Sampler Inlet Locations

Vinson

Volkwein

McWilliams

2007

Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene

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This article examines the spatial variability of dust concentrations within a coal miner's breathing zone and the impact of sampling location at the cap lamp, nose, and lapel. Tests were conducted in the National Institute for Safety and Health Pittsburgh Research Laboratory full-scale, continuous miner gallery using three prototype personal dust monitors (PDM). The dust masses detected by the PDMs were used to calculate the percentage difference of dust mass between the cap lamp and the nose and between the lapel and the nose. The calculated percentage differences of the masses ranged from plus 12% to minus 25%. Breathing zone tests were also conducted in four underground coal mines using the torso of a mannequin to simulate a miner. Coal mine dust was sampled with multi-cyclone sampling cans mounted directly in front of the mannequin near the cap lamp, nose, and lapel. These four coal mine tests found that the spatial variability of dust levels and imprecision of the current personal sampler is a greater influence than the sampler location within the breathing zone. However, a one-sample t-test of this data did find that the overall mean value of the cap lamp/nose ratio was not significantly different than 1 (p-value = 0.21). However, when applied to the overall mean value of the lapel/nose ratio there was a significant difference from 1 (p-value < .0001). This finding is important because the lapel has always been the sampling location for coal mine dust samples. But these results suggest that the cap location is slightly more indicative of what is breathed through the nose area.

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“…The term "calm" used throughout this paper refers to a condition without external wind as compared to the previous field and wind tunnel studies [2][3][4][5][6] . Ethanol was used as a representative organic solvent.…”

Section: Short Communicationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Malek et al conducted a field investigation and found that styrene concentrations detected at a worker's nose were significantly different from the concentrations detected at the worker's lapels 3) . Guffey et al used a 60%-sized mannequin in a wind tunnel, and reported that the tracer gas concentration at the chest averaged about 2.9 times the concentration at the nose 4) . Vinson et al 5) and Liden et al reported the heterogeneous distribution of dust concentrations in the breathing zone 6) .…”

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confidence: 99%

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Gaseous Contaminant Distribution in the Breathing Zone

Ojima

2012

INDUSTRIAL HEALTH

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Conventionally, the "breathing zone" is defined as the zone within a 0.3 m (or 10 inches) radius of a worker's nose and mouth, and it has been generally assumed that a contaminant in the breathing zone is homogeneous and its concentration is equivalent to the concentration inhaled by the worker. However, several studies have mentioned that the concentration is not uniform in the breathing zone when a worker is close to the contaminant source. In order to examine the spatial variability of contaminant concentrations in a worker's breathing zone, comparative measurements of personal exposure were carried out in a laboratory. In experiment, ethanol vapor was released in front of a model worker (human subject and mockup mannequin) and the vapor concentrations were measured at two different sampling points, at the nose and at the chest, in the breathing zone. Then, the effects of the sampling location and the body temperature on the exposure were observed. The ratios of nose concentration to chest concentration for the human subject and the mannequin were 0-0.2 and 0.12, respectively. The exposure level of the mannequin was about 5.5-9.3 times higher than that of the human subject.

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Air Sampling at the Chest and Ear as Representative of the Breathing Zone

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Effect of breathing, posture, and air velocity on breathing zone gas concentrations for human subjects in a wind tunnel

Effect of breathing, posture, and air velocity on breathing zone gas concentrations for human subjects in a wind tunnel

Determining the Spatial Variability of Personal Sampler Inlet Locations

Gaseous Contaminant Distribution in the Breathing Zone

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