AIDS-associated paracoccidioidomycosis in a patient with a CD4+ T-cell count of 4 cells/mm³

Nogueira, Lisiane; Santos, Mônica; Ferreira, Luíz Carlos de Lima; Talhari, Carolina; Rodrigues, Rodrigo Ribeiro; Talhari, Sinésio

doi:10.1590/s0365-05962011000700034

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 9 publications

(4 reference statements)

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“…In the second controlled study, Almeida et al 2016, reported thirty-one HIV-infected patients with PCM between 1993 and 2014 [17]. After compiling the data from these two case-control studies [16,17], two case-series reports [13,18], and 30 single case reports [10,14,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35], we retrieved 136 cases of PCM and HIV coinfection reported in the last 30 years. They aged between 13 and 59 years, with a mean age of 35.9 years.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paracoccidioidomycosis in Immunocompromised Patients: A Literature Review

Almeida

Peçanha-Pietrobom

Colombo

2018

JoF

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Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is an endemic mycosis found in Latin America that causes systemic disease mostly in immunocompetent hosts. A small percentage of PCM occurs in immunocompromised patients where low clinical suspicion of the infection, late diagnosis, and uncertainties about its management are factors that negatively impact their outcomes. We conducted a literature review searching reports on PCM associated to HIV, cancer, maligned hemopathies, solid organ transplantation, and immunotherapies, in order to check for peculiarities in terms of natural history and challenges in the clinical management of PCM in this population. HIV patients with PCM usually had low T CD4+ cell counts, pulmonary and lymph nodes involvement, and a poorer prognosis (≈50% mortality). Most of the patients with PCM and cancer had carcinoma of the respiratory tract. Among maligned hemopathies, PCM was more often related to lymphoma. In general, PCM prognosis in patients with malignant diseases was related to the cancer stage. PCM in transplant recipients was mostly associated with the late phase of kidney transplantation, with a high mortality rate (44%). Despite being uncommon, reactivation of latent PCM may take place in the setting of immunocompromised patients exhibiting clinical particularities and it carries higher mortality rates than normal hosts.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paracoccidioidomycosis in Immunocompromised Patients: A Literature Review

Almeida

Peçanha-Pietrobom

Colombo

2018

JoF

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“…Taken from the literature, we compiled data for 178 coinfected patients of whom 79 were reviewed by others, 12 four case studies which included 10, 12, five, and 53 patients, respectively, [13][14][15]18 with the remaining being isolated case reports. [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35] There was large variability in the quality and precision of the clinical data in some of these reports due to the focus of the publication. Studies were often restricted to a particular anatomical site, specific clinical presentation, or PCM organ involvement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Paracoccidioidomycosis in Brazilian Patients With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Almeida¹,

Neves²,

Mora³

et al. 2016

Am J Trop Med Hyg

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Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is endemic to Latin America, where 10 million people may be infected with Paracoccidioides brasiliensis/Paracoccidioides lutzii and 1,600,000 individuals live with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. An epidemiological overlapping of these infections occurred early in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome era with nearly 180 published cases. This study presents epidemiological, clinical, and outcome profiles for 31 PCM patients with HIV infection diagnosed in a teaching hospital in Brazil, and includes an update of previously reported cases. Medical records were reviewed and data compared with 64 PCM patients without HIV infection. Of the 31 PCM patients with HIV infection, 23 (74.1%) were male, with a median age of 36.7 years, whereas of the 64 PCM, 45 (70.3%) were male, with a median age of 35.1 years. Both groups presented similar proportions for smoking and alcoholism. PCM patients with HIV infection presented more fever, weight loss, and the acute clinical form than the PCM patients who had more mucosal and respiratory involvement characterizing the chronic form. Most PCM patients with HIV infection exhibited overlapping symptoms from both clinical forms with median symptom duration of 4.5 months compared with 8.3 months for the PCM control. Patients received sulfonamides and/or itraconazole for a median of 15.7 and 16.7 months for PCM/HIV-infected and PCM, respectively. Relapses occurred more in PCM (12 [30%]) than PCM/HIV-infected (4 [14.8%]) patients, whose mortality rate was higher (10 [32.8%]) than PCM patients (8 [20%]). The cases of PCM/HIV infection confirm that HIV can interact with some endemic diseases without increasing their frequency, while changing their natural history, clinical presentation, and outcome. The data presented here are in agreement with those observed in other studies.

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“…Symptoms of AIDS are caused by the deterioration of the immune system and the decline of CD4+ T cells [15,16] which are the immune system's key infection fighters. As soon as HIV enters the body, it begins to destroy the cells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symptoms of AIDS Related Opportunistic Infections and Their Effects on Human Body

Jeevani¹

2013

J AIDS Clin Res

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HIV viruses have long term effects for the immune systems and further develop a number of varied illnesses such as fever, diarrhea, tuberculosis, pneumonia and skin infections. This condition is termed as AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. Once the immune system is sufficiently weakened, such infections will develop and produce any of a wide range of symptoms. Some can be very severe some may lead to various cancers. There is no exact prediction for these symptoms. HIV testing is the only source to diagnose. The most difficult aspect of HIV/ AIDS is that though there are medicines, which can help with these illnesses but there is no vaccine and no cure for the HIV, so almost all the infected people become more and more ill and eventually die. It is important for every individual to know and understand about this infection. J o ur nal o f A ID S & Cli n ic a l R es earc h

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AIDS-associated paracoccidioidomycosis in a patient with a CD4+ T-cell count of 4 cells/mm³

Cited by 4 publications

References 9 publications

Paracoccidioidomycosis in Immunocompromised Patients: A Literature Review

Paracoccidioidomycosis in Immunocompromised Patients: A Literature Review

Paracoccidioidomycosis in Brazilian Patients With and Without Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection

Symptoms of AIDS Related Opportunistic Infections and Their Effects on Human Body

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