Agronomic Performance of Root Chicory, Jerusalem Artichoke, and Sugarbeet in Stress and Nonstress Environments

Abstract

the traditional classification, according to the primary storage carbohydrate, into sucrose-, fructan-, and starch-Introduction of the fructan crops root chicory (Cichorium intybus crops, is becoming increasingly inappropriate. A recent L.; RC) and Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.; JA) into example is the creation of a fructan beet through inagricultural production systems is desirable to diversify crop rotation. Field experiments were conducted to compare the agronomic perfor-serting into sugarbeet a single gene from Jerusalem artimance of RC and JA with sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.; SB). One choke that encodes an enzyme which converts sucrose set of cultivars during 1995, 1996, and 1997 and an additional set in 1997 to fructan (Sé venier et al., 1998). From an agroecological were grown on a sandy loam soil (Haplic Luvisol) at Braunschweig, point of view, it is desirable to have for each kind of Germany. Crops were cultivated with and without supplemental irrigaagricultural raw products one or few alternative crops, tion, complete and no weed control (1995 and 1996), and N fertilization instead of a single multiple-use major crop. However, rates of 0, 60, and 120 kg ha Ϫ1 . Severe water stress caused significant under present conditions in agriculture, root chicory and but similar storage organ yield losses in all crops, whereas mild water Jerusalem artichoke will only become true alternative stress mainly affected JA yields. Averaged across years and N levels, sugar crops if the raw materials are produced at prices storage organ yield losses through weed competition under irrigation competitive to those of established high yielding crops. amounted to 70, 47, and 8% in SB, RC, and JA, respectively. Averaged across years, in the absence of water and weed stress, SB, RC, and

Growth, photosynthate partitioning and fructan accumulation in plants of Vernonia herbacea (Vell.) Rusby under two nitrogen levels

“…In general, plants allocate more biomass to the roots when growing under nitrogen deficiency (Lambers et al, 1998). In Cichorium intybus a low shoot: root ratio is induced by nitrogen deficiency in order to produce fructan rich tuberous roots (Améziane et al, 1997b;Schittenhelm, 1999). In the present study a similar effect was observed (figure 2).…”

Effects of water stress on total biomass, tuber yield, harvest index and water use efficiency in Jerusalem artichoke

“…Several studies were conducted to determine the effects of water stress on tuber yield and biomass of Jerusalem artichoke in both temperate (Conde et al, 1991;Losavio et al, 1997;Schittenhelm, 1999;Monti et al, 2005;Liu et al, 2012) and tropic regions (Ruttanaprasert et al, 2014). However, these previous studies did not focus on determining the effects of soil moisture content on tuber dry weight and total biomass (including root mass) of Jerusalem artichoke with different levels of drought resistance.…”

“…tolerant to drought should be the best long-term solution to the problem. Effects of drought stress on tuber dry weight, biomass (Conde et al, 1991;Losavio et al, 1997;Schittenhelm, 1999;Monti et al, 2005;Liu et al, 2012;Ruttanaprasert et al, 2014) harvest index (Conde et al, 1991;Ruttanaprasert et al, 2015) and water use efficiency (Conde et al, 1991;Janket et al, 2013) of Jerusalem artichoke has been reported in several studies. In temperate regions, drought stress reduced Jerusalem artichoke tuber yield by 20% (Conde et al, 1991;Losavio et al, 1997) but increased water use efficiency by 7-35% and harvest index by 21% (Conde et al, 1991).…”

“…Drought is increasingly an important factor affecting crop production worldwide, and it also reduces tuber yield of Jerusalem artichoke (Conde et al, 1991;Losavio et al, 1997;Schittenhelm, 1999;Monti et al, 2005;Liu et al, 2012;Ruttanaprasert et al, 2014). Although effective irrigation scheduling may help in water saving for an irrigated crop in the short-term, breeding and selection of varieties that are more http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.agwat.2015.12.022 0378-3774/© 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.…”

Efeito da temperatura e do teor de umidade na iniciação e desenvolvimento do rizoma de Kohleria eriantha (Benth.) Hanst. (Gesneriaceae)

“…A formação de rizoma em Lotus corniculatus é induzida no outono, pelas condições de baixa temperatura (Kallenbach et al 2001). O teor de umidade é outro fator que influencia a formação de órgãos subterrâneos (Rizzini 1965;Schittenhelm 1999;Williams et al 2002). Aleixo & Válio (1976) observaram que gemas de tubérculos de Cyperus rotundus não se desenvolveram quando foram mantidas em condição de desidratação, permanecendo quiescente.…”