Agro-industrial wastes and their utilization using solid state fermentation: a review

Abstract

Agricultural residues are rich in bioactive compounds. These residues can be used as an alternate source for the production of different products like biogas, biofuel, mushroom, and tempeh as the raw material in various researches and industries. The use of agro-industrial wastes as raw materials can help to reduce the production cost and also reduce the pollution load from the environment. Agro-industrial wastes are used for manufacturing of biofuels, enzymes, vitamins, antioxidants, animal feed, antibiotics, and other chemicals through solid state fermentation (SSF). A variety of microorganisms are used for the production of these valuable products through SSF processes. Therefore, SSF and their effect on the formation of value-added products are reviewed and discussed.

Pleurotus spp. Cultivation on Different Agri-Food By-Products: Example of Biotechnological Application

“…Generally, agro-industrial wastes are inappropriately disposed [7], with the consequence of threatening the environment and public health. Agro-industrial wastes are generally characterized by high biological oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD) [5], and they are also easily susceptible to bacterial contamination due to the high water content [5].…”

“…Therefore their disposal is difficult. Fortunately, agro-industrial wastes still have high nutritional prospective [7], because they are mainly composed of sugars, fibers, proteins, and minerals [8]. Due to their composition, currently there is a great interest in their reuse [8] so that they can be also categorized as agro-industrial by-products [7].…”

“…The substrate of SFF is a solid material which acts both as physical support and source of nutrients, and it must possess enough moisture to support the growth and metabolism of microorganism, such as fungi, yeasts, and bacteria [9]. Different substrates can be employed, such as solid materials originating from agriculture, food, paper, textiles, detergent, and animal feed industries [7]. SSF has found large applications in the recent years, such as production of enzymes and other important biomolecules, bio pulping processes, and bioreactors design [10], or to produce added-value products using agro-industrial wastes as solid substrates [7,11].…”

Effect of storage time and use of additives on the quality of grape pomace silages

“…Agro‐industry annually produces a large amount of waste, which, destined for the environment without proper treatment, can cause environmental damage and affect human and animal health (Sadh, Duhan, & Duhan, ). The processing of agricultural products for the extraction of juices, pulps, and oils annually generate thousands of tons of waste, which are rich in seeds, bark, and pulp (Neiva Junior et al, ).…”

Mycelial Growth and Fruit Body Nutritional Composition of Pleurotus Species Grown on Different Lignocellulosic Waste-based Media

“…Pleurotus species have the ability to degrade several lignocellulosic substrates because of their highly efficient enzymatic machinery (Bilal et al 2017;Hernández-Dominguez et al 2017). These species can be cultivated on a wide variety of substrates, such as sugar cane bagasse, corn stover, wheat straw, rice straw, and barley straw, which are some of the largest accumulated lignocellulosic wastes because of agricultural activity (Sánchez 2010;Jeznabadi et al 2016;Sadh et al 2018). Lignocellulosic residues are generated as agricultural by-products, which are disposed of by burning in fields (Saini et al 2015).…”