Aging and the genetic road towards the positivity effect in memory

Mammarella, Nicola; Domenico, Alberto Di; Fairfield, Beth

doi:10.1016/j.exger.2016.06.011

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In particular, the mere exposure effects for spaced items strengthened older adults' focus on positive information due to their motivational implications (e.g., positive affect). Our results seem to be in line with those from studies that showed the strength of the positivity effect in memory in older adults [34,44,45] by highlighting the role of socio-emotional self-relevant goals in influencing memory performance [2].…”

Section: Age-related Effects Of Spacing and Mere Exposure Effects On Memorysupporting

confidence: 91%

When twice is better than once: increased liking of repeated items influences memory in younger and older adults

et al. 2021

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Background Numerous studies have reported that the repeated presentation of a stimulus leads to an increase in positive affect towards the stimulus itself (the so-called mere exposure effect). Here, we evaluate whether changes in liking due to repetition may have a differential impact on subsequent memories in younger and older adults. Method In two experiments, younger and older adults were asked to rate a series of nonwords (Experiment 1) or unfamiliar neutral faces (Experiment 2) in terms of how much they like them and then presented with a surprise yes–no recognition memory task. At study, items were repeated either consecutively (massed presentation) or with a lag of 6 intervening items (spaced presentation). Results In both experiments, participants rated spaced repeated items more positively than massed items, i.e. they liked them most. Moreover, older adults remembered spaced stimuli that they liked most better than younger adults. Conclusions The findings are discussed in accordance with the mechanisms underlying positivity effects in memory and the effect of repetition on memory encoding.

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Section: Age-related Effects Of Spacing and Mere Exposure Effects On Memorysupporting

confidence: 91%

When twice is better than once: increased liking of repeated items influences memory in younger and older adults

et al. 2021

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“…Our results highlight 5 SNPs in the APOE , TOMM40 , APOC1 area, with p-values for association all less than 6.8 X 10 −3 . The TOMM40 protein is a component of the mitochondrial membrane and mutations appear to contribute to risk of Alzheimer's disease and other aging phenomenon [110,111]. The APOE and APOC1 genes play important roles in lipid metabolism and are associated with clinical conditions dependent on this function [112,113].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic analysis of hsCRP in American Indians: The Strong Heart Family Study

et al. 2019

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BackgroundIncreased serum levels of C-reactive protein (CRP), an important component of the innate immune response, are associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) have been identified which are associated with CRP levels, and Mendelian randomization studies have shown a positive association between SNPs increasing CRP expression and risk of colon cancer (but thus far not CVD). The effects of individual genetic variants often interact with the genetic background of a population and hence we sought to resolve the genetic determinants of serum CRP in a number of American Indian populations.MethodsThe Strong Heart Family Study (SHFS) has serum CRP measurements from 2428 tribal members, recruited as large families from three regions of the United States. Microsatellite markers and MetaboChip defined SNP genotypes were incorporated into variance components, decomposition-based linkage and association analyses.ResultsCRP levels exhibited significant heritability (h2 = 0.33 ± 0.05, p<1.3 X 10−20). A locus on chromosome (chr) 6, near marker D6S281 (approximately at 169.6 Mb, GRCh38/hg38) showed suggestive linkage (LOD = 1.9) to CRP levels. No individual SNPs were found associated with CRP levels after Bonferroni adjustment for multiple testing (threshold <7.77 x 10−7), however, we found nominal associations, many of which replicate previous findings at the CRP, HNF1A and 7 other loci. In addition, we report association of 46 SNPs located at 7 novel loci on chromosomes 2, 5, 6(2 loci), 9, 10 and 17, with an average of 15.3 Kb between SNPs and all with p-values less than 7.2 X 10−4.ConclusionIn agreement with evidence from other populations, these data show CRP serum levels are under considerable genetic influence; and include loci, such as near CRP and other genes, that replicate results from other ethnic groups. These findings also suggest possible novel loci on chr 6 and other chromosomes that warrant further investigation.

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“…NA, DA, and 5-HT genes in particular are hypothesized to modulate emotion and memory interactions via regulating a wide variety of cognitive and emotional functions [ 15 ]. Below, we will discuss some of the key polymorphisms involved in positive emotions and adaptation [ 16 ]: A deletion variation of the ADRA2B gene, which affects adrenergic receptors’ activation; The Val/Met single-nucleotide polymorphism in the COMT gene, which affects dopamine metabolism in the prefrontal cortex; A short allele of the 5HTTLPR serotonin transporter gene; The endocannabinoid system, which involves cannabinoid receptors type 1 (CB1); The translocase of outer mitochondria membrane 40 gene (TOMM40). …”

Section: A Neurogenetic Profile For Sensitivity To Positive Memories:...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Protective Role of Neurogenetic Components in Reducing Stress-Related Effects during Spaceflights: Evidence from the Age-Related Positive Memory Approach

Mammarella

Gatti

Ceccato

et al. 2022

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Fighting stress-related effects during spaceflight is crucial for a successful mission. Emotional, motivational, and cognitive mechanisms have already been shown to be involved in the decrease of negative emotions. However, emerging evidence is pointing to a neurogenetic profile that may render some individuals more prone than others to focusing on positive information in memory and increasing affective health. The relevance for adaptation to the space environment and the interaction with other stressors such as ionizing radiations is discussed. In particular, to clarify this approach better, we will draw from the psychology and aging literature data. Subsequently, we report on studies on candidate genes for sensitivity to positive memories. We review work on the following candidate genes that may be crucial in adaptation mechanisms: ADRA2B, COMT, 5HTTLPR, CB1, and TOMM40. The final aim is to show how the study of genetics and cell biology of positive memory can help us to reveal the underlying bottom-up pathways to also increasing positive effects during a space mission.

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Aging and the genetic road towards the positivity effect in memory

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

When twice is better than once: increased liking of repeated items influences memory in younger and older adults

When twice is better than once: increased liking of repeated items influences memory in younger and older adults

Genetic analysis of hsCRP in American Indians: The Strong Heart Family Study

The Protective Role of Neurogenetic Components in Reducing Stress-Related Effects during Spaceflights: Evidence from the Age-Related Positive Memory Approach

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