Aging and Chronic Disorders

Morewitz, Stephen J.; Goldstein, Mark L.

doi:10.1007/978-0-387-70857-7

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…On the other hand, males report higher levels of other diseases, such as cancer, diabetes mellitus, and emphysema. Although males have higher levels of cardiovascular disease than females, cardiovascular disease is more prevalent among females, compared to males by age 75 (15). Higher expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (major receptor for the SARS-Cov-2) among males has been announced as the other possible reason for this discrepancy of COVID-19 prevalence between males and females (5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Risk Factors for Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 among Iranian Patients

2020

ircmj

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Background: The outbreak of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to a major concern for those who are more vulnerable to infections. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the most important risk factors for severe COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods: This retrospective study included information on clinical and epidemiological features of 105 patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia hospitalized in Tajrish Hospital, Tehran, Iran. Initially, the medical records of the patients were investigated, and an interview was conducted based on a pre-prepared checklist to seek information about symptoms, past medical history, medication history, and behavior before hospitalization. Results: Out of 105 participants, 76 (72.5%) cases were male, and 54 (51.4%) patients were older than 54 years old. The majority of the patients (n=18; 17.1%) had both hypertension and diabetes (n=12; 11.4%). Metformin (n=36; 34.3%) was the most used medication amongst the studied patient. In addition, 24 (22.9%) patients were recreational hookah smokers, and the majority (75%) of them were under the age of 46 years old. Eventually, 19 patients were excluded from the study, of whom 11 individuals had diabetes, and 10 cases were using metformin. Conclusion: Apparently, hookah smoking played a critical role in the spread of COVID-19 in Iran and has made younger people more susceptible. In addition to older age, the immunosuppressive effects of Metformin seem to make diabetic patients with an impaired immune system more vulnerable to severe COVID-19 pneumonia. More studies on the immune system of vulnerable individuals by identifying their differences can help to protect them.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Risk Factors for Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 among Iranian Patients

2020

ircmj

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“…Diseases and compromised health are prevalent in old age (e.g., Morewitz and Goldstein, 2007 ). In a previous report, we showed that among members of a cohort of hardy survivors, from a pre-welfare society (at focus also in the present study), only five individuals out of 702 (i.e., 0.7%) were free of any disease ( Nilsson et al, 2002 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What Matters and What Matters Most for Survival After age 80? A Multidisciplinary Exploration Based on Twin Data

Johansson

Thorvaldsson

2021

Front. Psychol.

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Given research and public interest for conditions related to an extended lifespan, we addressed the questions of what matters and what matters most for subsequent survival past age 80. The data was drawn from the population-based and multidisciplinary Swedish OCTO Twin Study, in which a sample (N = 699) consisting of identical and same-sex fraternal twin pairs, followed from age 80 until death, provided detailed data on health, physical functioning, life style, personality, and sociodemographic conditions. Information concerning date of birth and death were obtained from population census register. We estimated heritability using an ACE model and evaluated the role of multiple predictors for the mortality-related hazard rate using Cox regression. Our findings confirmed a low heritability of 12%. As expected, longer survival was associated with being a female, an apolipoprotein E (APOE) e4 allele non-carrier, and a non-smoker. Several diseases were found to be associated with shorter survival (cerebrovascular, dementia, Parkinson’s, and diabetes) as well as certain health conditions (high diastolic blood pressure, low body mass index, and hip fracture). Stronger grip and better lung function, as well as better vision (but not hearing), and better cognitive function (self-evaluated and measured) was related to longer survival. Social embeddedness, better self-evaluated health, and life-satisfaction were also significantly associated with longer survival. After controlling for the impact of comorbidity, functional markers, and personality-related predictors, we found that sex, cerebrovascular diseases, compromised cognitive functioning, self-related health, and life-satisfaction remained as strong predictors. Cancer was only associated with the mortality hazard when accounting for other co-morbidities. The survival estimates were mostly in anticipated directions and contained effect sizes within the expected range. Noteworthy, we found that some of the so-called “soft-markers” remained strong predictors, despite a control for other factors. For example, self-evaluation of health and ratings of life-satisfaction provide additional and valuable information.

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“…Aging is a process characterized by a complex set of physiological, psychological and social changes specific to each subject and may be accompanied by chronic diseases and mental disorders (Morewitz and Goldstein, 2007;Ehlers, et al, 2017), greater demand for health services and medicines. The increase of dependence can be considered as one of the main factors that lead to institutionalization (Perlini, et al, 2007), and the .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between the variables institutionalization, education, polypharmacy, depression and cognitive impairment in two heterogeneous groups of the elderly

2019

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Aging and Chronic Disorders

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Assessment of Risk Factors for Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 among Iranian Patients

Assessment of Risk Factors for Severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 among Iranian Patients

What Matters and What Matters Most for Survival After age 80? A Multidisciplinary Exploration Based on Twin Data

Associations between the variables institutionalization, education, polypharmacy, depression and cognitive impairment in two heterogeneous groups of the elderly

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