Age of Information in Multi-hop Networks with Priorities

Age of Information in Multi-source Updating Systems Powered by Energy Harvesting

“…The average of AoI or peak AoI (an AoI-related metric introduced in [5] to capture the peak values of AoI over time) is then characterized under several queueing disciplines in a series of subsequent prior works [5]- [11]. Further, a handful of recent works aimed to characterize the distribution (or some distributional properties) of AoI/peak AoI [12]- [17]. While AoI has been extensively analyzed in single-source systems, the prior work on the analysis of AoI in multi-source systems has been fairly limited [18]- [27].…”

“…Compared to the analyses of [31]- [34] that considered a non-EH transmitter, the analysis of AoI using the SHS approach becomes much more challenging when we consider an EH-powered transmitter. This is due to the fact that the joint evolution of the battery state at the transmitter and the system occupancy with respect to the status updates has to be incorporated in the process of decision-making (i.e., the Average of AoI/peak AoI [3], [5]- [11] [18]- [25], [28], [31]- [33] [35]- [38] This paper Distribution/distributional properties of AoI/peak AoI [12]- [17] [26], [27], [29], [34] [39] This paper decisions of discarding or serving the new arriving status updates at the transmitter). This, in turn, requires analyzing a two-dimensional continuous-time Markov chain (modeling the system discrete state that is represented by the number of energy packets in the battery and the number of status updates in the system) with new transitions associated with the events of harvested energy packet arrivals/departures, compared to the conventional one-dimensional Markov chain used in [31]- [34] to track the number of status updates in a system with a non-EH transmitter.…”

Age-of-Information Aware In-band Network Telemetry for Better Network Predictability

“…Over the past years, there is an increased interest in using AoI as a metric for evaluating real-time monitoring status update performance in different scenarios: single-hop networks (single-user [15] or multi-user [16]), multi-hop networks [17], multi-access networks [18], [19]. Also, different studies focus on using AoI in Internet of Things (IoT) scenarios for different optimization problems like power usage of low power enddevice [20]- [22].…”

“…The authors formulate the AoI optimization problem as a Markov Decision Process. In [17], a multi-hop (two-hop) network scenario is considered with multiple data flows (two data flows) that are scheduled using different priorities based on the AoI requirements. Lastly, in [19], the authors provide an AoIaware scheduling policy for 1-to-many sensor applications, based on metrics such as average AoI and average application response time.…”

Age of Information in a Cooperative Slotted Aloha Network: Marginal and Joint Distributions

“…Two age-oriented relaying protocols are devised in this work to reduce the AoI at destination, and the closed-form average AoI is derived for both protocols. The reference [21] investigates a two-hop continuous-time system where status updates are captured by both nodes, however, higher priority is considered for the packets that travel through the two-hop link to destination. Exact distributions of AoI and PAoI are derived for the nonpriority packets while tight bounds are found for the priority flow.…”