Abstract:Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) was exposed to gammacyhalothrin to study the stimulatory effect of low concentrations of this pyrethroid. The doses studied were 23.4375, 11.7188, 5.8594, 2.9297, 1.4648, 0.7324
“…The egg incubation period for the Asopinae was also similar with different diets (Zanuncio et al, 2012) or when parents were exposed to xenobiotics (Pereira et al, 2009). By contrast, the lower egg viability in T2 and T4 indicates that this parameter depends on the maternal nutritional quality, as observed for B. tabidus (Oliveira et al, 2005), N. viridula and Euschistus heros (Fabricius) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) (Fortes et al, 2006).…”
Sexual choice by male stink bugs is important because females that experience food shortages lay fewer eggs with lower viability compared with well-fed females. In this study, we investigated whether Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) males fed with a low-quality diet during its nymphal stage show selectivity for sexual partners resulting in high-quality progeny. Lightweight males and females were obtained from nymphs fed weekly with Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) pupae. By contrast, heavyweight males and females were fed three times a week and received an extra nutritional source: cotton leaves, Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae). Lightweight males preferred to mate with heavy females (77.78 ± 14.69%), whereas heavyweight males did not discriminated between light or heavyweight females. Females mated with lightweight males showed similar levels of reproduction to those mated with heavyweight males. The results provide an indication of the importance of male and female body weight for sexual selection in Asopinae stink bugs.Keywords: body weight, reproductive success, stink bug, predation, sexual selection.
Machos leves de Podisus nigrispinus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) negligenciam fêmeas leves devido ao baixo desempenho reprodutivo ResumoA seleção sexual por machos de percevejos é importante porque fêmeas que passaram por escassez alimentar poem poucos ovos com baixa viabilidade em comparação com fêmeas bem alimentadas. Nesse estudo, investigamos se machos de Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) alimentados com dieta de baixa qualidade durante seu estágio ninfal apresenta seletividade por parceiras sexuais resultando em progênie de alta qualidade. Machos e fêmeas leves foram obtidos de ninfas alimentadas semanalmente com pupas de Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Em contraste, machos e fêmeas pesados foram alimentados três vezes por semana e receberam uma fonte nutricional extra: folhas de algodão, Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae). Machos leves preferiram acasalar com fêmeas pesadas (77,78 ± 14,69%), enquanto machos pesados não distinguiram fêmeas leves ou pesadas para acasalamento. Fêmeas que acasalaram com machos leves apresentaram níveis de reprodução semelhantes em comparação com aquelas acasaladas com machos pesados. Os resultados fornecem uma indicação da importância do peso corpóreo de machos e fêmeas para a seleção sexual em percevejos Asopinae.Palavras-chave: peso corpóreo, sucesso reprodutivo, percevejo, predação, seleção sexual.
“…The egg incubation period for the Asopinae was also similar with different diets (Zanuncio et al, 2012) or when parents were exposed to xenobiotics (Pereira et al, 2009). By contrast, the lower egg viability in T2 and T4 indicates that this parameter depends on the maternal nutritional quality, as observed for B. tabidus (Oliveira et al, 2005), N. viridula and Euschistus heros (Fabricius) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) (Fortes et al, 2006).…”
Sexual choice by male stink bugs is important because females that experience food shortages lay fewer eggs with lower viability compared with well-fed females. In this study, we investigated whether Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) males fed with a low-quality diet during its nymphal stage show selectivity for sexual partners resulting in high-quality progeny. Lightweight males and females were obtained from nymphs fed weekly with Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) pupae. By contrast, heavyweight males and females were fed three times a week and received an extra nutritional source: cotton leaves, Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae). Lightweight males preferred to mate with heavy females (77.78 ± 14.69%), whereas heavyweight males did not discriminated between light or heavyweight females. Females mated with lightweight males showed similar levels of reproduction to those mated with heavyweight males. The results provide an indication of the importance of male and female body weight for sexual selection in Asopinae stink bugs.Keywords: body weight, reproductive success, stink bug, predation, sexual selection.
Machos leves de Podisus nigrispinus (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) negligenciam fêmeas leves devido ao baixo desempenho reprodutivo ResumoA seleção sexual por machos de percevejos é importante porque fêmeas que passaram por escassez alimentar poem poucos ovos com baixa viabilidade em comparação com fêmeas bem alimentadas. Nesse estudo, investigamos se machos de Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) alimentados com dieta de baixa qualidade durante seu estágio ninfal apresenta seletividade por parceiras sexuais resultando em progênie de alta qualidade. Machos e fêmeas leves foram obtidos de ninfas alimentadas semanalmente com pupas de Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae). Em contraste, machos e fêmeas pesados foram alimentados três vezes por semana e receberam uma fonte nutricional extra: folhas de algodão, Gossypium hirsutum L. (Malvaceae). Machos leves preferiram acasalar com fêmeas pesadas (77,78 ± 14,69%), enquanto machos pesados não distinguiram fêmeas leves ou pesadas para acasalamento. Fêmeas que acasalaram com machos leves apresentaram níveis de reprodução semelhantes em comparação com aquelas acasaladas com machos pesados. Os resultados fornecem uma indicação da importância do peso corpóreo de machos e fêmeas para a seleção sexual em percevejos Asopinae.Palavras-chave: peso corpóreo, sucesso reprodutivo, percevejo, predação, seleção sexual.
“…Its occurrence has been documented across a broad range of biological models and diverse type of exposure Baldwin, 2001, 2003;Calabrese 2005a, b; Percentage of germinated conidia Time (h) (a,b,c) Different letters indicate that the means differ. Brugman and Firmani, 2005;Thong and Maibach, 2008;Pereira et al, 2009). The low-dose stimulatory response often occurs following an initial disruption in homeostasis and appears to represent a modest overcompensation response.…”
Metarhizium anisopliae has been considered a promising alternative with low environmental impacts for the biological control of a variety of insect-pests. Another alternative is the use of biological pesticides such as insect growth regulators, including lufenuron. An assessment of the potential impact of fungicides on M. anisopliae is of critical importance to integrated pest management, permitting the compatible use of this entomopathogen with chemical defensives. Based on this, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of different concentrations of lufenuron on the conidia germination speed of M. anisopliae. Conidia were incubated at 28°C and sampled throughout 12 h. Bayesian analysis showed an inhibition of conidia germination in the presence of 2.0 mg/ml of lufenuron, whereas their compatibility was observed in the concentrations of 1.0 mg/ml and 700 µg/ml. It indicates that in these last two concentrations, the fungicide has no toxicity on M. anisopliae, what suggests that it can be employed in biological-chemical combinations, maintaining viable the fungal inoculums after its application in the field, with a low environmental impact.
“…From this work, the main segment of research sought to determine aspects associated with effects of insecticides on the predator (CASTRO et al, 2012;PEREIRA et al, 2009;PICANÇO et al, 1997;TORRES;RUBERSON, 2004;TORRES et al, 2003;ZANUNCIO et al, 2003;1993b), which can be regarded as basic research, since from these results other studies with wider applicability were initiated. These include studies on selectivity of insecticides, which aim to understand compounds with toxicological effect on pests, but which preserve the natural enemy (GONRING et al, 2003;SUINAGA et al, 1996;TORRES, 2012;ZANUNCIO et al, 1998).…”
Section: Scientific Contributions In the Field Of Toxicologymentioning
Studies of Asopinae predators in Brazil were initiated in the 1930's, focusing on the use of these insects in biological control programs. However, the beginning of a period of major contributions to the knowledge on Asopinae predators started in the year 1986, with the release of the first research results, in the Proceedings of the X Brazilian Congress of Entomology in Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil. In 1991 the first scientific paper was published on the predator Podisus connexivus Bergroth [= Podisus nigrispinus (Dallas)] (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae), with study of the biological parameters of this predator for alternative feeding of the caterpillars Bombyx mori Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Bombycidae) and larvae Musca domestica (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Muscidae). The first master thesis studying Asopinae predators in Brazil was defended in 1990 at the Federal University of Lavras, which focused was on biology and predatory capacity of Podisus nigrolimbatus [= Brontocoris nigrolimbatus = Brontocoris tabidus] and Podisus connexivus [= Podisus nigrispinus] in the laboratory. Throughout all these years of research and investigations, advances with Asopinae predators occurred in several fields that resulted in a better understanding of these insects, making them an effective tool for controlling insect pests in the agriculture and forestry sectors.
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