Age and Gender Dependent Deposition of Crude Nutrients and Energy in Fast Growing Meat-Type Chickens

Abstract

Two consecutive growth studies were conducted to investigate the age-dependent nutrient and energy deposition in male and female meat-type chickens (Ross 308) based on feather and feather-free body fraction data determined according to the comparative slaughter technique. Birds were reared under standardized housing conditions (15 floor pens per gender, 5 birds per pen). Both the starter (day 1 to 22) and grower diets (day 22 to 36) were based on corn, wheat, soybean meal, soybean protein concentrate and crystalline feed amino acids. Diets were formulated to ensure an equal feed protein quality close to the ideal amino acid ratio by adjusting a constant mixture of the feed proteins. Individual body weight (BW) and feed intake per pen were recorded weekly. At the start (day 1) as well as on a weekly basis until the end of the 5th week, 15 birds per gender (each 3 pens of 5 birds) were selected and euthanized following 24 h feed deprivation. Subsequently, the feathers were manually removed and quantified. Crude nutrient analysed in representative samples of both feather and feather-free body fractions. The nutrient and energy deposition in the bodies of both genders were significantly increased with increasing age (p < 0.001). Male birds deposited significantly higher body protein (p < 0.001) and female birds significantly more fat and energy in the whole body (p < 0.001) during the entire growth period. In contrast, no differences were found in protein contents of the BW gain between genders dependent on age (p > 0.05). However, the protein partitioning in the gain of both analyzed body fractions provided oppositional results. Accordingly, male birds yielded relatively more protein in the feather-free body fraction (p < 0.001) and females relatively more feather protein (p < 0.001) as related to the whole body protein gain.

Live Performance and Microbial Load Modulation of Broilers Fed a Direct-Fed Microbials (DFM) and Xylanase Combination

“…However, there was no dietary treatment effect on flock uniformity. The improved flock uniformity has been previously discussed by Nusairat and Wang [ 13 ] as it is related to mixed-sex pens and differences in nutrient partitioning and distribution between males and females [ 38 ].…”

Broiler Age Differently Affects Apparent Metabolizable Energy and Net Energy of Expanded Soybean Meal

“…As broilers grew older, the secretion of digestive enzymes, intestinal surface area, and digestive capacity, especially for SBM, increased [14]. It is easy to illustrate that energy retained in the body improves with increasing age of broilers [15]. AME values of feed ingredients, including corn, soybean, and bran, were reported to be higher in older broilers than in younger ones [16,17].…”