Age and amount of exposure to a foreign language during childhood: Behavioral and ERP data on the semantic comprehension of spoken English by Japanese children

Ojima, Shiro; Matsuba-Kurita, Hiroko; Nakamura, Naoko; Hoshino, Takahiro; Hagiwara, Hiroko

doi:10.1016/j.neures.2011.01.018

Cited by 42 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This seems to contradict the underlying principles of the phonological bottleneck hypothesis (Ojima et al, 2011b), because younger learners are more sensitive to FL sounds they are supposed to acquire and process auditory input more successfully than older learners (Yamada et al, 1980). As a result, Ojima et al (2011a) agree with Carroll (1967), who asserts that the amount of exposure to English is a more important variable in the attainment of a higher level of phonological proficiency than the age at the time of the first exposure.…”

Section: The Age Factorsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…Moreover, Ojima et al (2011a), using multiple regression analyses, explored the relationship between the effects on 350 Japanese children over a three-year period of their age at the time of their first exposure to English and their total hours of exposure. They concluded that the total hours of exposure contributed to the improved proficiency of 6-9-year-olds more than the age of their first exposure, which did not prove to be a decisive factor in lexical learning and semantic processing in the auditory modality.…”

Section: The Age Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Exposure to English may be perceived in terms of its quantity (Kenworthy, 1987;Ojima et al, 2011a) and quality (Ellis, 1997). The nature of the study, i.e.…”

Section: Contexts Of Learningmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predictors of the Czech learners’ acquisition of selected English phonemes

Černá

Ivanová

Myslivec

2017

Journal of Language and Cultural Education

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The study investigates predictors of the acquisition of selected English phonemes in a foreign language context. Czech students' pronunciation was diagnosed by two tests; their ability to produce seven selected phonemes was assessed. Furthermore, data regarding the students' learning histories was obtained through a questionnaire. Then a multiple regression analysis was conducted in order to identify predictors of the acquisition of the selected phonemes. The analysis uncovered several factors, the most significant being preschool exposure to English and positive attitudes to English in adolescence, which appeared to influence the subjects' pronunciation positively. Interestingly, several factors which relate to learning English at school appeared to exert a negative influence on the acquisition of the selected phonemes. Furthermore, besides the importance of long-term exposure to English starting before the age of six, the study also underscored the importance of metacognition in relation to autonomous learning.

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Section: The Age Factorsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: The Age Factormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Predictors of the Czech learners’ acquisition of selected English phonemes

Černá

Ivanová

Myslivec

2017

Journal of Language and Cultural Education

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“…The original assumption is that the longer learners are exposed to the FL, the higher the proficiency level they will attain (Ojima et al 2011;Muñoz 2001;Singleton 1989). Quoting Singleton (1989: 237) it has been widely acknowledged that "exposure time per se is widely recognised as a crucial factor in differentiating levels of language proficiency".…”

Section: Amount Of Exposure and Slamentioning

confidence: 99%

Teasing out the role of age and exposure in EFL learners’ lexical profiles: A comparison of children and adults

Agustin-Llach

Jiménez-Catalán

2018

International Review of Applied Linguistics in Language Teaching

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The present paper examines the lexical profiles of children and adult EFL learners in an attempt to untangle the roles of age and hours of exposure and their effect on lexical knowledge. Both age and exposure time have generally been acknowledged as relevant factors influencing foreign language acquisition, and vocabulary learning specifically. Participants in the study, who share the same amount of exposure to the target language but differ in age, were asked to write an informal letter introducing themselves. Their letters were scrutinized and mean production of tokens and types was found together with word frequencies and some lexical inconsistencies. In addition, the children participating in the study were enrolled in a CLIL program to match their hours of instruction with those of the adults. Their lexical profiles are characterized by fewer tokens and types and words of lower frequency related to the fields of school, home and science, the CLIL subject. They also use more cognates and commit more lexical inconsistencies than adult learners, who in turn produce more general words in longer letters. We interpret our results in light of the relevant role of age and instructional program.

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“…This research was made in longitudinal scenario for three years 32 . For the evaluation, they used 80 basic level English words and 80 Japanese words in sessions with 320 trials and images presentation; each image was presented with coherent and incoherent context at pseudorandom order.…”

Section: The N400 Effect On Preschool Children Showing a Typical Devementioning

confidence: 99%

Semantic processing in children 0 to 6 years of age: an N400 analysis

Lindau

Giacheti²,

Silva³

et al. 2017

Rev. CEFAC

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This study consists of a literature review about the semantic processing in children 0 to 6 years of age and an N400 data analysis. Twenty-four studies that met the eligibility criteria were found. Most studies aimed to investigate and characterize the electrophysiological patterns of younger children as compared to those found in older children and adults. A large variability of employed experimental tasks was found, showing that there are various investigation alternatives in this perspective. In general, the joint analysis of the results pointed out that despite the different objectives, types of experimental tasks and degrees of language skills (i.e., typical development or different conditions), age was a relevant factor in establishing the presence or not of the N400 effect and its lateralization. When present, the N400 effect showed that the latency and amplitude of the wave decline according to age. However, the variability of procedures can affect the degree of control and the data reliability. For further studies, the development of a standard protocol to investigate the semantic processing by means of the N400 effect data in different populations is an important step and a strong recommendation for the area.

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Age and amount of exposure to a foreign language during childhood: Behavioral and ERP data on the semantic comprehension of spoken English by Japanese children

Cited by 42 publications

References 29 publications

Predictors of the Czech learners’ acquisition of selected English phonemes

Predictors of the Czech learners’ acquisition of selected English phonemes

Teasing out the role of age and exposure in EFL learners’ lexical profiles: A comparison of children and adults

Semantic processing in children 0 to 6 years of age: an N400 analysis

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