AGC of a multi-area power system under deregulated environment using redox flow batteries and interline power flow controller

Summary Growing electricity demand, environmental issues, and challenge to decrease dependence on fossil fuel resources have increased the inception of wind generation into the power system. However, higher penetration of wind‐based generating units into the existing grid can affect the working of the power system. Traditionally, a wind unit does not provide inertia, but collectively, wind units can have a notable impact on the dynamic performance of the power system. However, the battery energy storage systems have the potential to offer flexibility and ancillary supports to the power system. This article evaluates the impact of redox flow battery (RFB) in coordination with a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)–based wind turbine unit (WTU) to enrich the dynamic performances of a multi‐source interconnected power system in a deregulated electricity market. The modified inertial control scheme is proposed for the DFIG unit that responds in the event of frequency deviation in the grid. The turbine sheds its kinetic energy and provides active power injection, thereby enhancing the frequency response of the system. The recently developed moth‐flame optimization (MFO) algorithm is employed for optimal tuning of the proportional‐integral (PI) controller and the speed regulator of a DFIG‐WTU. The simulation studies have been executed to analyze the impact of the RFB with WTU on the system frequency, tie‐line and different generating units power through a comparative study in terms of the settling time, and peak overshoot/undershoot in a deregulated electricity market. The analysis reveals that the WTU effectively contributes to sustaining the frequency and tie‐line power oscillations during abrupt load disturbances in the proposed power system. Moreover, the inclusion of RFB in coordination with the WTU helps to reduce the stress on a wind turbine during inertial control scheme. It can also reduce wind curtailments by absorbing excess power flowing through transmission lines, reduces wastage of green energy, and gives better dynamic response under different operating conditions of the deregulated electricity market.

Section: Optimal Controller Design and Objective Function Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

normalΔ P_{RFB} = ([], \frac{K_{RFB}}{1 + {italicsT}_{RFB}}) normalΔ F_{i} ((), s),

Section: Introduction To Redox Flow Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction To Mfo Algorithmmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introduction To Redox Flow Batteriesmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Grid frequency enhancement using coordinated action of wind unit with redox flow battery in a deregulated electricity market

Dhundhara

Verma

2020

“…Nowadays, the conventional power system has been transformed to restructured domain. In the past, various researchers investigated ALFC problem in deregulated environment . The basic framework for ALFC in deregulated electricity market with price‐based operation had been demonstrated in previous literature .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Performance of coordinated interline power flow controller and power system stabilizer in combined multiarea restructured ALFC and AVR system

Rajbongshi

Saikia

2019

Summary This article analyzed the performance of coordinated interline power flow controller (IPFC) and power system stabilizer (PSS) in the combined two‐area restructured automatic load frequency control (ALFC) and automatic voltage regulator (AVR) system. Each area of the system has three generating companies as reheat thermal, wind, and diesel and three distribution companies (DISCOs). Appropriate physical constraints are included in thermal plant. Proportional plus fractional integral plus derivative with filter (PIλDF) controller is introduced as secondary controller for both ALFC and AVR loop. Lightning search algorithm is employed for optimization of the parameters of controller as well as PSS. The control performance of the proposed controller is compared with some classical integer‐order controllers and reflects the dominance of the former over others with less peak deviation, settling time, and figure of demerit in all three transactions of restructured power system. The investigation of the impact of combined controlling action of IPFC and PSS reveals that the integration of the same improves the system dynamics effectively than the individual inclusion of IPFC and PSS. The coordinated IPFC‐PSS provides less peak deviation, oscillation, as well as faster settling time and enhances the system performance. The sensitivity analysis of PIλDF controller and PSS parameters for different DISCO participation matrix and amount of contract violation derived the robustness of the same.

Performance of redox flow battery in combined frequency and voltage control of multi‐area multi‐source system using CFOPDN‐FOPIDN controller

Dekaraja

Saikia

2021

Summary This paper presents the combined voltage and frequency control of three‐area multi‐source interconnected power systems, having thermal‐solar thermal power plant, thermal‐wind and hydrothermal‐geothermal power plants. A maiden attempt has been made to incorporate one of the energy storage devices called redox flow battery (RFB) in all areas. Appropriate system non‐linearity constraints are considered for both thermal and hydro plants. A new cascade controller called cascade fractional‐order PD with filter and fractional‐order proportional‐integral‐derivative (PID) with filter (CFOPDN‐FOPIDN) is proposed as a secondary controller in the unified automatic load frequency control (ALFC) and automatic voltage regulator (AVR) system. A novel optimization algorithm called artificial flora algorithm is used to optimize the controller parameters. From the observation of the system dynamic responses, it reveals that the CFOPDN‐FOPIDN controller is superior to the FOPID, PIDN and PI controllers. The unified ALFC‐AVR study exhibits that the AVR loop enhances the system dynamics considerably. It is observed that the system oscillations are substantially reduced along with the peak deviation and settling time in the presence of RFB. Moreover, the combined frequency deviation and area control error as an input signal to the RFB outperforms the individual one. The system performance improves with an increase in the RFB gain value. Furthermore, it is divulged that a larger frequency deviation leads to a faster rate of change of frequency. Eventually, the sensitivity analysis reveals the sturdiness of the proposed controller.