Grid frequency enhancement using coordinated action of wind unit with redox flow battery in a deregulated electricity market

Abstract

Summary Growing electricity demand, environmental issues, and challenge to decrease dependence on fossil fuel resources have increased the inception of wind generation into the power system. However, higher penetration of wind‐based generating units into the existing grid can affect the working of the power system. Traditionally, a wind unit does not provide inertia, but collectively, wind units can have a notable impact on the dynamic performance of the power system. However, the battery energy storage systems have the potential to offer flexibility and ancillary supports to the power system. This article evaluates the impact of redox flow battery (RFB) in coordination with a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)–based wind turbine unit (WTU) to enrich the dynamic performances of a multi‐source interconnected power system in a deregulated electricity market. The modified inertial control scheme is proposed for the DFIG unit that responds in the event of frequency deviation in the grid. The turbine sheds its kinetic energy and provides active power injection, thereby enhancing the frequency response of the system. The recently developed moth‐flame optimization (MFO) algorithm is employed for optimal tuning of the proportional‐integral (PI) controller and the speed regulator of a DFIG‐WTU. The simulation studies have been executed to analyze the impact of the RFB with WTU on the system frequency, tie‐line and different generating units power through a comparative study in terms of the settling time, and peak overshoot/undershoot in a deregulated electricity market. The analysis reveals that the WTU effectively contributes to sustaining the frequency and tie‐line power oscillations during abrupt load disturbances in the proposed power system. Moreover, the inclusion of RFB in coordination with the WTU helps to reduce the stress on a wind turbine during inertial control scheme. It can also reduce wind curtailments by absorbing excess power flowing through transmission lines, reduces wastage of green energy, and gives better dynamic response under different operating conditions of the deregulated electricity market.

Application of micro pump hydro energy storage for reliable operation of microgrid system

“…The timedomain simulations have been carried out to investigate the system performances under most likely operating conditions/scenarios of the MG system. The relevant data used in the studied power system have been given in the Appendix [8,10,30,36,41,48]. The four scenarios considered to evaluate the role of energy storage systems (battery and MPHES) in order to enhance the dynamic performance of the MG system are as follows.…”

“…After optimal tuning, the controller supplies the coveted and suitable signal to the generating units in reference to the load change to enhance the dynamic performance of the proposed control framework. In this study, the integral of time multiplied absolute error (ITAE) criterion is regarded as the objective function that can be expressed by the following equations [48]:…”

“…In this study, the integral of time multiplied absolute error (ITAE) criterion is regarded as the objective function that can be expressed by the following equations [48]: where indicates the deviation of the frequency in the MG system, the total simulation time (in seconds) is denoted by ‘’.…”

Frequency stabilization in deregulated energy system using coordinated operation of fuzzy controller and redox flow battery

“…Although, the sturdiness of the offered control methodology is also already established for all possible transactions in the deregulated market for the same optimal parameters in all cases. Further, the performance of the proposed controller is also tested for different DPM as given in (32), 43…”

“…Although, the sturdiness of the offered control methodology is also already established for all possible transactions in the deregulated market for the same optimal parameters in all cases. Further, the performance of the proposed controller is also tested for different DPM as given in (32), 43 obtained responses as in Figures 16E,F shows that proposed controller work incomparably over other methods with new DPM and power flows are according to the set contract. Hence, the robustness of the offered control methodology is verified for deviation in parameters, a different type of nonlinearities, different DPMs, and possible transactions in a deregulated market. …”