This study highlights the significance of dish-Stirling solar thermal system (DSTS) and high voltage direct current (HVDC) link in the combined automatic load frequency control (ALFC) and automatic voltage regulator (AVR) model of the multiarea thermal-diesel plant. Appropriate generation rate constraints and governor dead band for the thermal plant are considered. A maiden attempt has been made to apply fractional order integral double derivative controller with derivative filter (FOIDDF) as a secondary controller for both ALFC and AVR loops. The performance of the FOIDDF controller is compared with some commonly used classical controllers. The lightning search algorithm is implemented for simultaneous optimisation of the controller parameters. The comparison shows the better performance of FOIDDF than others. The effect of the AVR loop on the ALFC loop is also analysed for the first time in the combined model. The investigation of the effect of DSTS and HVDC links reveals that their inclusion improves the system dynamics. The superiority of the proposed controller has been established for variable insolation of the DSTS. The rigorous sensitivity analysis of the different position and magnitude of disturbance, change in tie-line synchronising coefficient and different condition of the DSTS reflects the robustness of the proposed controller parameters obtained at the nominal condition. (=10, 0.1 s, respectively) K Ei , T Ei exciter gain, time constant of area i, respectively (=1, 0.4 s, respectively) K Fi , T Fi generator field circuit gain, time constant of area i, respectively (=0.8, 1.4 s, respectively) K Si , T Si sensor gain, time constant of area i, respectively (=1, 0.05 s, respectively)
Summary
This article analyzed the performance of coordinated interline power flow controller (IPFC) and power system stabilizer (PSS) in the combined two‐area restructured automatic load frequency control (ALFC) and automatic voltage regulator (AVR) system. Each area of the system has three generating companies as reheat thermal, wind, and diesel and three distribution companies (DISCOs). Appropriate physical constraints are included in thermal plant. Proportional plus fractional integral plus derivative with filter (PIλDF) controller is introduced as secondary controller for both ALFC and AVR loop. Lightning search algorithm is employed for optimization of the parameters of controller as well as PSS. The control performance of the proposed controller is compared with some classical integer‐order controllers and reflects the dominance of the former over others with less peak deviation, settling time, and figure of demerit in all three transactions of restructured power system. The investigation of the impact of combined controlling action of IPFC and PSS reveals that the integration of the same improves the system dynamics effectively than the individual inclusion of IPFC and PSS. The coordinated IPFC‐PSS provides less peak deviation, oscillation, as well as faster settling time and enhances the system performance. The sensitivity analysis of PIλDF controller and PSS parameters for different DISCO participation matrix and amount of contract violation derived the robustness of the same.
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