Agaricus bisporus fucogalactan: Structural characterization and pharmacological approaches

Abstract

The fucogalactan from Agaricus bisporus (EFP-Ab) obtained on aqueous extraction followed by purification had M(w) 37.1 × 10(4)g mol(-1) relative to a (1→6)-linked α-D-Galp main-chain partially methylated at HO-3, and partially substituted at O-2 by nonreducing end-units of α-L-Fucp or β-d-Galp. EFP-Ab also inhibited significantly the neurogenic and inflammatory phases of formalin-induced licking, however, the antinociceptive effect was more pronounced against the inflammatory phase with ID(50) of 36.0 (25.8-50.3)mg kg(-1). In addition, EFP-Ab decreased the lethality induced by CLP. Its administration reduced the late mortality rate by 40%, prevented neutrophil accumulation in lungs and markedly decreased iNOS and COX-2 protein expression by ileum cells. These data show for the first time that EFP-Ab has significant anti-sepsis, antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions, which seems to be related to the decreased iNOS and COX-2 expression. Collectively, the present results demonstrate that EFP-Ab could constitute an attractive molecule of interest for the development of new drugs.

Analysis of Indole Compounds Quantity in Biomass of Edible Basidiomycota Species from in Vitro Cultures and from Cultures Supplemented with L-Tryptophan

“…The research conducted by Muszyńska confirmed the presence of indole compounds in fruiting bodies of Agaricus bisporus, Boletus badius, and Cantharellus cibarius species used in this research [13,14]. These species were chosen for preparation of in vitro cultures and research on accumulation of L-tryptophan derivatives because of their popularity among consumers and their health qualities [15,16].…”

Anti-inflammatory potential of mushroom extracts and isolated metabolites

“…Their crude extracts (Table 1) have been described to display activity, and attention is now being focused on efforts to discover bioactive compounds capable to suppress the production of inflammatory mediators through gene expression downregulation of different types of inflammatory mediators (Kim et al, 2006, Fangkrathok, Junlatat, & Sripanidkulchai, 2013. Previous research studies have been carried out on several mushroom species, mainly in methanolic (Kim et al, 2003;Wen et al, 2011;Moro et al, 2012) and ethanolic Kim et al, 2006;Ruthes et al, 2013b;Taofiq et al, 2015) extracts. Most studies have shown that these extracts display antiinflammatory activity, but it is also crucial to identify the metabolites responsible for this bioactivity.…”

“…polysaccharides (Dore, et al, 2007;Lu, et al, 2008;Lavi, Levinson, Peri, Hadar, & Schwartz, 2010;Adebayo, Oloke, Majolagbe, Ajani, & Bora, 2012;Ruthes, et al, 2013aRuthes, et al, , 2013bRuthes, et al, , 2013cChang, Lur, Lu, & Cheng, 2013;Castro et al, 2014;Silveira et al, 2014;Silveira et al, 2015), terpenes (Kamo, Asanoma, Shibata, & Hirota, 2003;Yoshikawa et al, 2005;Dudhgaonkar, Thyagarajan, & Sliva, 2009;Ma, Chen, Dong, & Lu, 2013;Tung et al, 2013;Xu, Yan, Bi, Han, Chen, & Wu, 2013;Choi, et al, 2014a), phenolic compounds (Quang, Harinantenaina, Nishizawa, Hashimoto, Kohchi, Soma, & Asakawa, 2006a;Quang et al, 2006bKohno et al, 2008Stanikunaite, Khan, Trappe, & Ross, 2009;Hsieh et al, 2010;Lee, & Huang et al, 2011b;Chen et al, 2013;Taofiq et al, 2015), sterols (Huang, et al, 2010;Ma, Chen, Dong, & Lu, 2013 anti-inflammatory activity of extracts prepared from mushrooms after undergoing some food processing procedures. The results showed reduced activity compared to fresh samples, which implies that anti-inflammatory compounds present in these mushrooms were degraded, e.g due to suseptibility to heating.…”

“…Ruthes et al (2013b) isolated and purified a fucogalactan from its dried fruiting bodies, and its antiinflammatory effect was evaluated in vivo by formalin-induced pain in mice and detection of iNOS and COX-2 protein expression. Fucogalactan significantly decreased both iNOS and COX-2 expression by 53% and 54%, respectively, in relation to dexametasone used as control, which also affected both iNOS and COX-2 expression by 74.5% and 71.4%, respectively.…”

The Immunostimulatory and Anti-tumor Activities of Polysaccharide from <i>Agaricus bisporus</i> (brown)

“…It is well known that polysaccharide is the main bioactive component of Agaricus bisporus [17,18]. For example, (1→6)-β-D-glucans from the mushroom could present an obvious immunostimulatory activity, which contribute to the antitumor effects [19].…”