Analysis of Indole Compounds Quantity in Biomass of Edible Basidiomycota Species from in Vitro Cultures and from Cultures Supplemented with L-Tryptophan

Abstract

Summary. The analysis demonstrated that biomass of Agaricus bisporus, Boletus badius,and Cantharellus cibarius contains non-hallucinogenic indole compounds. Addition of L-tryptophan to the in vitro cultures raised the total content of indole compounds. L-Tryptophan became metabolized, causing an increase of the concentration of some indole compounds. The compounds found in the tested biomass from in vitro culture on Oddoux medium without and with addition of L-tryptophan were L-tryptophan, 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan, serotonin, melatonin, tryptamine, and 5-methyltryptamine (ranged from 4.28 to 132.51 mg/100 g dry weight). L-Tryptophan is an amino acid exogenous to the human body, and therefore, it must be supplied to the body with food. The highest amount of 5-hydroxy-L-tryptophan was found in the extracts from biomass of B. badius cultured on medium with addition of L-tryptophan (132.51 mg/100 g dry weight). Also, in this case, the highest total content of examined indole compounds (168.00 mg/100 g dry weight) was determined. Melatonin was found only in biomass of A. bisporus cultured on medium with addition of L-tryptophan but in smaller amount (4.28 mg/100 g dry weight).

Electronic substitution effect on the ground and excited state properties of indole chromophore: A computational study

“…For tryptophan, the calculated spectra is 15 nm blue-shifted than the experimental spectra. 50 However, the inclusion of vibronic coupling reproduces the broadening of the spectra correctly. The experimental absorption spectra of serotonin and melatonin are much broader than the calculated one.…”

TLC–Densitometry analysis of indole compounds in mycelial culture of Imleria badia and Agaricus bisporus enriched with precursors — serine or anthranilic acid

“…Experimental mycelial cultures on liquid medium provided good biomass yield, which allowed to obtain its appropriate amount and were sufficient for the extraction of indole compounds. The extraction was carried out via the percolation method according to Muszyńska et ala procedure for determination of indole compounds in mushrooms [5,7,26]. Weighted amounts of the lyophilized in vitro biomass culture of A. bisporus and I. badia were prepared.…”

“…In this group of compounds, Muszyńska et al carried out important studies [4][5][6]. The effect of addition of L-tryptophan to the liquid medium has also been studied on quantitative and qualitative composition of indole compounds in the obtained biomass [7].…”

Electronic Substitution Effect on the Ground and Excited State Properties of Indole Chromophore: A Computational Study**

“…For tryptophan, the calculated vibrationally resolved spectrum is 15 nm and 6 nm blue-shifted than the d,p) (red) with the experimental one (black) [44] Figure 5. Comparison of experimental [50,53] (dashed black lines) and calculated (solid black lines) vibrationally resolved absorption spectra of Tryptophan, Serotonin and Melatonin using B3LYP/6-311 + G(d,p) level of theory. experimental spectrum reported by Muszynska et al [50] and Lakowicz et al, [51] respectively.…”

“…Comparison of experimental [50,53] (dashed black lines) and calculated (solid black lines) vibrationally resolved absorption spectra of Tryptophan, Serotonin and Melatonin using B3LYP/6-311 + G(d,p) level of theory. experimental spectrum reported by Muszynska et al [50] and Lakowicz et al, [51] respectively. The spectrum is also in good agreement with the calculated spectrum by Guissani et al for the tryptophan residue in a small peptide using QM/MM method with RASPT2 as QM method [52] and shifted to the blue only by 8 nm.…”