AFM surface morphology investigation of ion beam modified polyimide

Cluster secondary ion mass spectrometry of polymers and related materials

“…These studies have all indicated major physical and chemical property changes in the surface regions of the polymers, which may or may not be permanent, depending on the fluence. In most cases, there are significant changes in the mechanical (Lee et al, , 1997Nishimiya et al, 1991;Lee, Lee, & Mansur, 1992;Ochsner et al, 1993;Rao, Wang, & Lee, 1993;Rao et al, 1995;Tretinnikov & Ikada, 1998), chemical (Puglisi et al, 1986;Nishimiya et al, 1991;Lee et al, 1993Lee et al, , 1997Š vorčík et al, 1998;Tretinnikov & Ikada, 1998), electronic (Forrest et al, 1982;Venkatesan et al, 1983;Liu, Liu, & Zhai, 1989;Lee et al, 1993;Š vorčík et al, 1997), diffusion (Calcagno et al, 1993), optical (Calcagno, Compagnini, & Foti, 1992;Rück, Schulz, & Beusch, 1997), and rheological properties (Calcagno, Compagnini, & Foti, 1992) of ion-bombarded polymeric samples. These changes are obviously a result of the increased crosslinking and unsaturation occurring in these polymers.…”

“…There is also a dramatic change in the morphology after sputtering (Yoshida & Iwaki, 1987;Š vorčík et al, 1997); with some reporting a smoothing effect , while others report increased topography (Š vorčík et al, 1998;Netcheva & Bertrand, 1999). These significant changes in the surface properties often result in changes in the compatibilities of these polymers with other elements (Zaporojtchenko et al, 2005).…”

Characterization and cytocompatibility of carbon layers prepared by photo-induced chemical vapor deposition

“…Improving of biocompatibility of polymers doped, e.g., with carbon black [1] or carbon fibers [2] was studied. It was also found that the cell adhesion and proliferation could be affected by carbonization of polymer surface layer by pyrolysis [3], ion implantation [4,5] or by UV-irradiation [6] and by exposure to plasma discharge [7]. Both, the biocompatibility of a polymer and the suitability of its mechanical, electrical or other properties are very important for the use as medical implant.…”

Effect of H+and N+Irradiation on Structure and Permeability of the Polyimide Matrimid®

“…The impact of ion beam irradiation on the structure and properties of polymers is a strong function of the ion type, ion energy and the fluence, and the structure of the base polymer (26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38). During irradiation, energetic ions undergo a series of collisions with atoms and electrons in the near surface region of the sample where the incident ion loses energy through interactions with the polymer.…”

“…Nuclear collisions involve a considerable discrete energy loss and angular deflection of the trajectory of the ion, which is responsible for direct bond breaking and production of lattice disorder by the displacement of atoms. Each of these mechanisms contributes quite differently to modification of chemical structure, and microstructure of polymers (35).…”