“…Concerning the measurement of emotions, two approaches coexist in marketing research. The first one views emotions as being categorical, independent and recognizable (Izard, 1977;Kemper, 1978;Plutchik, 1980), while the second one considers that emotions arise from a combination of two or three factors, generally pleasure, arousal and dominance (Mehrabian and Russell, 1974;Batra and Ray, 1986;Batra and Holbrook, 1990).…”