Aerosol direct radiative effects over the northwest Atlantic, northwest Pacific, and North Indian Oceans: estimates based on in-situ chemical and optical measurements and chemical transport modeling

Bates, T. S.; Anderson, T. L.; Baynard, T.; Bond, Tami C.; Boucher, Oliviér; Carmichael, Gregory R.; Clarke, A. D.; Erlick, Carynelisa; Guo, Huan; Horowitz, Larry W.; Howell, S. G.; Kulkarni, S.; Maring, Hal; McComiskey, Allison; Middlebrook, A. M.; Noone, Kevin J.; O’Dowd, Colin; Ogren, J. A.; Penner, Joyce E.; Quinn, Patricia K.; Ravishankara, A. R.; Savoie, Dennis L.; Schwartz, Stephen E.; Shinozuka, Y.; Tang, Youhua; Weber, R. J.; Wu, Yonghua

doi:10.5194/acp-6-1657-2006

Cited by 147 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 226 publications

(226 reference statements)

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“…They burst at the air-sea interface and release sea spray aerosol (SSA), which includes organic matter and inorganic sea salt (Quinn et al, 2015). Although, sea salt is generally found in coarse-mode particles, it is sometimes found in smaller sizes as well (Bates et al, 2006). Several mechanisms are responsible for the formation of SSA with different sizes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogenic, anthropogenic and sea salt sulfate size-segregated aerosols in the Arctic summer

et al. 2016

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Abstract. Size-segregated aerosol sulfate concentrations were measured on board the Canadian Coast Guard Ship (CCGS) Amundsen in the Arctic during July 2014. The objective of this study was to utilize the isotopic composition of sulfate to address the contribution of anthropogenic and biogenic sources of aerosols to the growth of the different aerosol size fractions in the Arctic atmosphere. Non-seasalt sulfate is divided into biogenic and anthropogenic sulfate using stable isotope apportionment techniques. A considerable amount of the average sulfate concentration in the fine aerosols with a diameter < 0.49 µm was from biogenic sources (> 63 %), which is higher than in previous Arctic studies measuring above the ocean during fall (< 15 %) (Rempillo et al., 2011) and total aerosol sulfate at higher latitudes at Alert in summer (> 30 %) (Norman et al., 1999). The anthropogenic sulfate concentration was less than that of biogenic sulfate, with potential sources being long-range transport and, more locally, the Amundsen's emissions. Despite attempts to minimize the influence of ship stack emissions, evidence from larger-sized particles demonstrates a contribution from local pollution.A comparison of δ 34 S values for SO 2 and fine aerosols was used to show that gas-to-particle conversion likely occurred during most sampling periods. δ 34 S values for SO 2 and fine aerosols were similar, suggesting the same source for SO 2 and aerosol sulfate, except for two samples with a relatively high anthropogenic fraction in particles < 0.49 µm in diameter (15)(16)(17). The high biogenic fraction of sulfate fine aerosol and similar isotope ratio values of these particles and SO 2 emphasize the role of marine organisms (e.g., phytoplankton, algae, bacteria) in the formation of fine particles above the Arctic Ocean during the productive summer months.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogenic, anthropogenic and sea salt sulfate size-segregated aerosols in the Arctic summer

et al. 2016

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“…Sea salt is the dominant submicrometre scatterer in most ocean regions (e.g. Kleefeld et al 2002;Bates et al 2006) and dominates the marine boundary layer (MBL) particulate mass concentration in remote oceanic regions, with a significant fraction occurring in the submicrometre size range (IPCC 2001). Sea salt contributes 44% to the global aerosol optical depth.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine aerosol production: a review of the current knowledge

O’Dowd

Leeuw

2007

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

647

568

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The current knowledge in primary and secondary marine aerosol formation is reviewed. For primary marine aerosol source functions, recent source functions have demonstrated a significant flux of submicrometre particles down to radii of 20 nm. Moreover, the source functions derived from different techniques up to 10 mm have come within a factor of two of each other. For secondary marine aerosol formation, recent advances have identified iodine oxides and isoprene oxidation products, in addition to sulphuric acid, as contributing to formation and growth, although the exact roles remains to be determined. While a multistep process seems to be required, isoprene oxidation products are more likely to participate in growth and sulphuric acid is more likely to participate in nucleation. Iodine oxides are likely to participate in both nucleation and growth.

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“…Recently, satellite retrieval algorithms have been developed to quantify the contribution of the fine mode fraction to the column AOD . Such information is critical for models to calculate the climate forcing by anthropogenic aerosols (Chin et al, 2004;Kleidman et al, 2005;Bates et al, 2006;Yu et al, 2006). However, due to the generally high uncertainties of satellite retrievals, those methods are less effective unless supported by in situ measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In its most current report, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2007) continues to emphasize the importance of quantifying the connections between aerosols and climate with better precision and accuracy at local, regional and global scales (Andreae et al, 2004;Bates et al, 2006;Lohmann and Feichter, 2005). The accurate estimate of aerosol direct effects due to particle light extinction (σ ep ), scattering (σ sp ), and absorption (σ ap ), where extinction is the sum of scattering and absorption, requires knowledge of the physical and radiative properties as well as the vertical distribution of the bulk aerosol on local to global scales.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of in situ and columnar aerosol spectral measurements during TexAQS-GoMACCS 2006: testing parameterizations for estimating aerosol fine mode properties

et al. 2010

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Abstract. During the 2006 Texas Air Quality Study and Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (TexAQS-GoMACCS 2006), the optical, chemical and microphysical properties of atmospheric aerosols were measured on multiple mobile platforms and at ground based stations. In situ measurements of the aerosol light extinction coefficient (σ ep ) were performed by two multi-wavelength cavity ring-down (CRD) instruments, one located on board the NOAA R/V Ronald H. Brown (RHB) and the other located at the University of Houston, Moody Tower (UHMT). An AERONET sunphotometer was also located at the UHMT to measure the columnar aerosol optical depth (AOD). The σ ep data were used to extract the extinctionÅngström exponent (å ep ), a measure of the wavelength dependence of σ ep . There was general agreement between theå ep (and to a lesser degree σ ep ) measurements by the two spatially separated CRD instruments during multi-day periods, suggesting a regional scale consistency of the sampled aerosols. Two spectral models are applied to the σ ep and AOD data to extract the fine mode fraction of extinction (η) and the fine mode effective radius (R eff,f ). These two parameters are robust measures of the fine mode contribution to total extinction and the fine mode size distribution, respectively. The results of the analysis are compared to R eff,f values extracted using AERONET V2 retrievals and calculated from in situ particle size meaCorrespondence to: D. B. Atkinson (atkinsond@pdx.edu) surements on the RHB and at UHMT. During a time period when fine mode aerosols dominated the extinction over a large area extending from Houston/Galveston Bay and out into the Gulf of Mexico, the various methods for obtaining R eff,f agree qualitatively (showing the same temporal trend) and quantitatively (pooled standard deviation = 28 nm).

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Aerosol direct radiative effects over the northwest Atlantic, northwest Pacific, and North Indian Oceans: estimates based on in-situ chemical and optical measurements and chemical transport modeling

Cited by 147 publications

References 226 publications

Biogenic, anthropogenic and sea salt sulfate size-segregated aerosols in the Arctic summer

Biogenic, anthropogenic and sea salt sulfate size-segregated aerosols in the Arctic summer

Marine aerosol production: a review of the current knowledge

Comparison of in situ and columnar aerosol spectral measurements during TexAQS-GoMACCS 2006: testing parameterizations for estimating aerosol fine mode properties

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