Abstract:Abstract. Size-segregated aerosol sulfate concentrations were measured on board the Canadian Coast Guard Ship (CCGS) Amundsen in the Arctic during July 2014. The objective of this study was to utilize the isotopic composition of sulfate to address the contribution of anthropogenic and biogenic sources of aerosols to the growth of the different aerosol size fractions in the Arctic atmosphere. Non-seasalt sulfate is divided into biogenic and anthropogenic sulfate using stable isotope apportionment techniques. A … Show more
“…Sea ice is an organic sulphur-rich environment because ice algae generally contain high intracellular levels of DMSP for osmoregulation and cryoprotection 22 . Even though surface-ocean DMS and chlorophyll a concentrations are typically not correlated over large spatial and temporal scales, recent studies suggest that the variability in the DMS mixing ratios in Svalbard air may be explained by the variability in the chlorophyll a concentration in the vicinity of the islands 35, 37, 38 .Figure 3Average daily concentrations of selected chemical tracers for each aerosol category.
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Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) and growth significantly influences climate by supplying new seeds for cloud condensation and brightness. Currently, there is a lack of understanding of whether and how marine biota emissions affect aerosol-cloud-climate interactions in the Arctic. Here, the aerosol population was categorised via cluster analysis of aerosol size distributions taken at Mt Zeppelin (Svalbard) during a 11 year record. The daily temporal occurrence of NPF events likely caused by nucleation in the polar marine boundary layer was quantified annually as 18%, with a peak of 51% during summer months. Air mass trajectory analysis and atmospheric nitrogen and sulphur tracers link these frequent nucleation events to biogenic precursors released by open water and melting sea ice regions. The occurrence of such events across a full decade was anti-correlated with sea ice extent. New particles originating from open water and open pack ice increased the cloud condensation nuclei concentration background by at least ca. 20%, supporting a marine biosphere-climate link through sea ice melt and low altitude clouds that may have contributed to accelerate Arctic warming. Our results prompt a better representation of biogenic aerosol sources in Arctic climate models.
“…Sea ice is an organic sulphur-rich environment because ice algae generally contain high intracellular levels of DMSP for osmoregulation and cryoprotection 22 . Even though surface-ocean DMS and chlorophyll a concentrations are typically not correlated over large spatial and temporal scales, recent studies suggest that the variability in the DMS mixing ratios in Svalbard air may be explained by the variability in the chlorophyll a concentration in the vicinity of the islands 35, 37, 38 .Figure 3Average daily concentrations of selected chemical tracers for each aerosol category.
…”
Atmospheric new particle formation (NPF) and growth significantly influences climate by supplying new seeds for cloud condensation and brightness. Currently, there is a lack of understanding of whether and how marine biota emissions affect aerosol-cloud-climate interactions in the Arctic. Here, the aerosol population was categorised via cluster analysis of aerosol size distributions taken at Mt Zeppelin (Svalbard) during a 11 year record. The daily temporal occurrence of NPF events likely caused by nucleation in the polar marine boundary layer was quantified annually as 18%, with a peak of 51% during summer months. Air mass trajectory analysis and atmospheric nitrogen and sulphur tracers link these frequent nucleation events to biogenic precursors released by open water and melting sea ice regions. The occurrence of such events across a full decade was anti-correlated with sea ice extent. New particles originating from open water and open pack ice increased the cloud condensation nuclei concentration background by at least ca. 20%, supporting a marine biosphere-climate link through sea ice melt and low altitude clouds that may have contributed to accelerate Arctic warming. Our results prompt a better representation of biogenic aerosol sources in Arctic climate models.
“…The chemical composition of size-segregated aerosol particles was recently measured in the Arctic atmosphere during summer months. More than 60 % of the aerosol particles having a diameter < 0.49 µm was found to be derived from biogenic SO 2− 4 (Ghahremaninezhad et al, 2016). According to a study based on an aerosol microphysics box model (Chang et al, 2011), the atmospheric DMS mixing ratios observed during phytoplankton bloom periods in our study were sufficiently high for the formation of ultrafine aerosol particles, when background particle concentrations are low (i.e., DMS mixing ratio > 100 pptv; condensation sink < 7.0 m −2 ) (Fig.…”
Section: Aerosol Particles Formed During Periods Of Arctic Haze (Aprimentioning
Abstract. The connection between marine biogenic dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and the formation of aerosol particles in the Arctic atmosphere was evaluated by analyzing atmospheric DMS mixing ratio, aerosol particle size distribution and aerosol chemical composition data that were concurrently collected at Ny-Ålesund, Svalbard (78.5 • N, 11.8 • E), during April and May 2015. Measurements of aerosol sulfur (S) compounds showed distinct patterns during periods of Arctic haze (April) and phytoplankton blooms (May). Specifically, during the phytoplankton bloom period the contribution of DMS-derived SO 2− 4 to the total aerosol SO 2− 4 increased by 7-fold compared with that during the proceeding Arctic haze period, and accounted for up to 70 % of fine SO 2− 4 particles (< 2.5 µm in diameter). The results also showed that the formation of submicron SO 2− 4 aerosols was significantly associated with an increase in the atmospheric DMS mixing ratio. More importantly, two independent estimates of the formation of DMS-derived SO 2− 4 aerosols, calculated using the stable S-isotope ratio and the non-seasalt SO 2− 4 / methanesulfonic acid ratio, respectively, were in close agreement, providing compelling evidence that the contribution of biogenic DMS to the formation of aerosol particles was substantial during the Arctic phytoplankton bloom period.
“…From DMS concentrations in both the surface ocean and in the atmosphere just above the ocean surface (median DMS(g) of 186 pptv), Mungall et al (2016) estimated the air-sea DMS(g) flux as ranging from 0.02-12 µmol m −2 d −1 in July 2014 in the same location as the present measurements (Lancaster Sound). For the same campaign, Ghahremaninezhad et al (2016) showed that the dominant source for fine aerosol and SO 2 measured onboard the Amundsen at the same location and about 30 m above the ocean's surface was biogenic sulfur, arising from DMS(g) oxidation. Atmospheric oxidation of DMS(g) is expected to proceed more readily in the summertime Arctic atmosphere than in spring, due to higher temperatures and more sunlight.…”
Section: Flexpart-ecmwfmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The GEOS-Chem model has been extensively applied to study the Arctic atmosphere, with regard to aerosol acidity (Wentworth et al, 2016;Fisher et al, 2011), carbonaceous aerosol , aerosol number (Leaitch et al, 2013;Croft et al, 2016a, b), aerosol absorption (Breider et al, 2014), mercury (Fisher et al, 2012) and recently surface-layer DMS(g) (Mungall et al, 2016).…”
Section: Model Description 221 Geos-chem Chemical Transport Modelmentioning
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