Marine aerosol production: a review of the current knowledge

Abstract

The current knowledge in primary and secondary marine aerosol formation is reviewed. For primary marine aerosol source functions, recent source functions have demonstrated a significant flux of submicrometre particles down to radii of 20 nm. Moreover, the source functions derived from different techniques up to 10 mm have come within a factor of two of each other. For secondary marine aerosol formation, recent advances have identified iodine oxides and isoprene oxidation products, in addition to sulphuric acid, as contributing to formation and growth, although the exact roles remains to be determined. While a multistep process seems to be required, isoprene oxidation products are more likely to participate in growth and sulphuric acid is more likely to participate in nucleation. Iodine oxides are likely to participate in both nucleation and growth.

Transformation of iodate to iodide in marine phytoplankton driven by cell senescence

“…Bacterial processes appeared to play only a minor role in the reduction of iodate to iodide. Leeuw 2007). In coastal regions, I 2 can also directly be released into the atmosphere by kelp and seaweed and reacts here to equally form IO.…”

AIRUSE-LIFE +: estimation of natural source contributions to urban ambient air PM<sub>10</sub> and PM<sub>2. 5</sub> concentrations in southern Europe – implications to compliance with limit values

“…Sea-salt aerosol is emitted from the sea surface, through bubble-bursting processes resulting in sea-spray particles with sizes ranging from submicrometre to a few micrometres (O'Dowd and de Leeuw, 2007). Sea-salt aerosols play an important role in atmospheric chemistry, providing the surface for heterogeneous reactions and acting as a sink for anthropogenic and natural gaseous pollutants (Tsyro et al, 2011).…”

Aerosol and snow transfer processes: An investigation on the behavior of water-soluble organic compounds and ionic species

“…Traces of syringic acid (SyA), homovanillic acid (HA) and syringaldehyde (SyAH) represented 1% of the total concentration of PC in the aerosol samples collected in 2014e2015. The concentrations were similar in 2010e2011 , where the ocean was suggested as a possible local source of PC by ejecting fine particles (<1 mm) containing organic compounds into the atmosphere (O'Dowd and De Leeuw, 2007). For the 2014e2015 samples evaluated in the present research, the same source can also be suggested and biomass burning can be excluded as the main source of PC.…”