Aerobic conditioning and allergic pulmonary inflammation in mice. II. Effects on lung vascular and parenchymal inflammation and remodeling

Abstract

In addition, some studies demonstrated that aerobic training decreases chronic allergic inflammation in the airways; however, its effects on the pulmonary vessels and parenchyma have not been previously evaluated. Our objective was to test the hypothesis that aerobic conditioning reduces inflammation and remodeling in pulmonary vessels and parenchyma in a model of chronic allergic lung inflammation. Balb/c mice were sensitized at days 0, 14, 28, and 42 and challenged with ovalbumin (OVA) from day 21 to day 50. Aerobic training started on day 21 and continued until day 50. Pulmonary vessel and parenchyma inflammation and remodeling were evaluated by quantitative analysis of eosinophils and mononuclear cells and by collagen and elastin contents and smooth muscle thickness. Immunohistochemistry was performed to quantify the density of positive cells to interleukin (IL)-2, IL-4, IL-5, interferon-␥, IL-10, monocyte chemotatic protein (MCP)-1, nuclear factor (NF)-B p65, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I. OVA exposure induced pulmonary blood vessels and parenchyma inflammation as well as increased expression of IL-4, IL-5, MCP-1, NF-B p65, and IGF-I by inflammatory cells were reduced by aerobic conditioning. OVA exposure also induced an increase in smooth muscle thickness and elastic and collagen contents in pulmonary vessels, which were reduced by aerobic conditioning. Aerobic conditioning increased the expression of IL-10 in sensitized mice. We conclude that aerobic conditioning decreases pulmonary vascular and parenchymal inflammation and remodeling in this experimental model of chronic allergic lung inflammation in mice.

Aerobic training reverses airway inflammation and remodelling in an asthma murine model

“…Previous experimental studies have investigated the hypothesis that such effects in asthmatic patients could be associated with anti-inflammatory effects of exercise training [13][14][15]. PASTVA et al [13] demonstrated that AT decreases neutrophil infiltration in to the airways, IL-4 levels in bronchioalveolar lavage fluid and the expression of NF-kB; effects that seem mediated, at least partly, by endogenous corticosteroids.…”

“…The OVA groups received OVA (i.p. 10 mg?mouse -1 ) diluted in aluminum hydroxide on days 0, 14, 28 and 42 as previously described [14][15][16]. After day 21, mice were exposed to OVA aerosol (1%); 30 min per session for three sessions a week until day 54.…”

“…At present, few studies have investigated the effects of AT on Th2 immune response. PASTVA et al [13] and VIEIRA and co-workers [14,15] have shown that AT decreases leukocyte migration to the airway as well as IL-4 and IL-5 expression, immunoglobulin (Ig)E levels and nuclear factor (NF)-kB expression in asthma animal models. However, a main criticism in those studies is that AT was initiated concomitant to the challenges in airways, which were devoid of significant inflammation and structural changes.…”

Has Aerobic Exercise Anti-inflammatory Effect for Asthma?

“…In this direction, since 2004 a growing number of experimental studies using mouse models of chronic allergic airway inflammation have demonstrated that low and moderate intensity aerobic exercise performed either before, during or after the allergen sensitization results in decreased eosinophilic inflammation, Th2 cytokines production, airway remodeling and hyperresponsiveness [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. Shortly, these studies have demonstrated that these beneficial effects can be attributed to decreased activation of leukocytes and bronchial epithelial cells as a result of increased activation of glucocorticoids receptors, T-regulatory cells resulting in increased synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and decreased activation of transcriptional factor NF-kB [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24].…”

“…Shortly, these studies have demonstrated that these beneficial effects can be attributed to decreased activation of leukocytes and bronchial epithelial cells as a result of increased activation of glucocorticoids receptors, T-regulatory cells resulting in increased synthesis of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10, and decreased activation of transcriptional factor NF-kB [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. In addition, these studies also demonstrated that aerobic exercise present a direct inhibitory effect on the pulmonary oxidants production as well as on the synthesis of mediators involved in the airway remodeling process [19,24]. However, the precise cellular and molecular mechanisms of beneficial effects of aerobic exercise for asthma deserve further investigations.…”