Advances in Penetrating Multichannel Microelectrodes Based on the Utah Array Platform

Leber, M.; Körner, Julia; Reiche, Christopher F.; Yin, Ming; Bhandari, R.; Franklin, R. E.; Negi, Sandeep; Solzbacher, Florian

doi:10.1007/978-981-13-2050-7_1

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 124 publications

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“…Significant improvements in materials, designs and fabrication procedures of implantable electrodes have been realized during the last two decades, overpassing the traditional, wafer-based integrated electronics (Patil and Thakor, 2016). To further improve the usability of the neural electrodes, considerable efforts are being devoted in the engineering field for increasing robustness and flexibility at the same time of miniaturizing the electrodes (Boehler et al, 2017;Won et al, 2018;Leber et al, 2019), improving the electrical connectors (Koch et al, 2019), and in the biological field to increase biocompatibility of the substrates and to modulate the foreign body reaction (Lotti et al, 2017;De la Oliva et al, 2019).…”

Section: Electrode Failuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural signal recording and processing in somatic neuroprosthetic applications. A review

Raspopović

Cimolato

Panarese

et al. 2020

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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Neurointerfaces have acquired major relevance as both rehabilitative and therapeutic tools for patients with spinal cord injury, limb amputations and other neural disorders. Bidirectional neural interfaces are a key component for the functional control of neuroprosthetic devices. The two main neuroprosthetic applications of interfaces with the peripheral nervous system (PNS) are: the refined control of artificial prostheses with sensory neural feedback, and functional electrical stimulation (FES) systems attempting to generate motor or visceral responses in paralyzed organs. The results obtained in experimental and clinical studies with both, extraneural and intraneural electrodes are very promising in terms of the achieved functionality for the neural stimulation mode. However, the results of neural recordings with peripheral nerve interfaces are more limited. In this paper we review the different existing approaches for PNS signals recording, denoising, processing and classification, enabling their use for bidirectional interfaces. PNS recordings can provide three types of signals: i) population activity signals recorded by using extraneural electrodes placed on the outer surface of the nerve, which carry information about cumulative nerve activity; ii) spike activity signals recorded with intraneural electrodes placed inside the nerve, which carry information about the electrical activity of a set of individual nerve fibers; and iii) hybrid signals, which contain both spiking and cumulative signals. Finally, we also point out some of the main limitations, which are hampering clinical translation of neural decoding, and indicate possible solutions for improvement.

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Section: Electrode Failuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural signal recording and processing in somatic neuroprosthetic applications. A review

Raspopović

Cimolato

Panarese

et al. 2020

Journal of Neuroscience Methods

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“…Here, we used two different viral-based strategies to genetically target and image either pan-neuronal or excitatory neuron-biased populations as a first step toward imaging of more specific cell populations. Another limitation of electrophysiological approaches, is the relatively sparse spatial sampling density of today's commercially available multi-electrode arrays, typically having a minimum inter-electrode spacing of approximately 400 μm (Leber et al, 2019; but see Jun et al, 2017;Trautmann et al, 2019a for use of 20 μm spacing NeuroPixels in rhesus macaque). In contrast, cellular-resolution optical imaging enables much higher sampling densities, as evidenced by our study here where we were able to simultaneously record from more than 100 cells per session on average in the left hemisphere PMd (Figures 1-2), which equates to a sampling density of approximately 150 cells per mm 2 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Head-mounted microendoscopic calcium imaging in dorsal premotor cortex of behaving rhesus macaque

Bollimunta

Santacruz

Eaton

et al. 2020

Preprint

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HighlightsFirst demonstration of head-mounted microendoscopic calcium imaging in behaving macaque.Surgical protocols developed for preparing the animal for calcium imaging, including virus injections to express GCaMP and chronic implantation of a GRIN lens to enable optical access to gyral cortex.Proof of concept plug-and-play calcium imaging in behaving macaques with months long stable recording capability allowing populations of individual neurons to be tracked longitudinally.Bilateral calcium imaging from dorsal premotor cortex exhibited dynamics selective to the animal's direction of reach and allowed decoding of the animal's motor behavior Summary A major effort is now underway across the brain sciences to identify, characterize and manipulate mesoscale neural circuits in order to elucidate the mechanisms underlying sensory perception, cognition and behavior. Optical imaging technologies, in conjunction with genetically encoded sensors and actuators, serve as important tools toward these goals, allowing access to large-scale genetically defined neuronal populations. In particular, one-photon miniature microscopes, coupled with genetically encoded calcium indicators and microendoscopic gradient-refractive index (GRIN) lenses, enable unprecedented readout of neural circuit dynamics in cortical and deep subcortical brain regions during active behavior in rodents. This has already led to breakthrough discoveries across a wide array of rodent brain regions and behaviors. However, in order to study the neural circuit mechanisms underlying more complex and clinically relevant human behaviors and cognitive functions, it is crucial to translate this technology to non-human primates. Here, we describe the first successful application of this technology in the rhesus macaque. We identified a viral strategy for robust expression of GCaMP, optimized a surgical protocol for microendoscope GRIN lens insertion, and created a chronic cranial chamber and lens mounting system for imaging in gyral cortex. Using these methods, we demonstrate the ability to perform plug-and-play, head-mounted recordings of cellular-resolution calcium dynamics from over 100 genetically-targeted neurons simultaneously in dorsal premotor cortex while the macaque performs a naturalistic motor reach task with the head unrestrained and freely moving. The recorded population of neurons exhibited calcium dynamics selective to the direction of reach, which we show can be used to decode the animal's trial-by-trial motor behavior. Recordings were stable over several months, allowing us to longitudinally track large populations of individual neurons and monitor their relationship to motor behavior over time. Finally, we demonstrate the ability to conduct simultaneous, multi-site imaging in bilateral dorsal premotor cortices, offering an opportunity to study distributed networks underlying complex behavior and cognition. Together, this work establishes headmounted microendoscopic calcium imaging in macaque as a powerful new approach for studying the neural ci...

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“…These pins are prone to irreparable damage caused by contact with headstage guide pins and other objects. Utilizing fully implanted systems would reduce the opportunity for external mechanical damage, but design challenges regarding power consumption, device size, and data transmission bandwidth must be resolved to successfully translate fully implantable technology for human BMI applications (Leber et al, 2019 ). Furthermore, implanted hardware in BMI systems are also at risk for traumatic damage.…”

Section: Mechanical Disruptionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In contrast, invasive recording systems utilizing electrocorticography (ECoG) grids or microelectrode arrays (MEAs) provide a richer source of neural information. Penetrating cortical MEAs including microwire arrays (Nicolelis et al, 2003 ; Krüger et al, 2010 ; Schwarz et al, 2014 ; Obaid et al, 2020 ), Michigan-style arrays (Wise, 2005 ), and the Utah array ( Figure 1 ; Campbell et al, 1991 ; Leber et al, 2019 ) acquire neural activity with unparalleled signal resolution. MEAs can record single- and multi-unit neural activity correlated with the kinetics (Fagg et al, 2009 ) and kinematics (Vargas-Irwin et al, 2010 ; Aggarwal et al, 2013 ) of the arm during reaching and grasp (Downey et al, 2018b ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classifying Intracortical Brain-Machine Interface Signal Disruptions Based on System Performance and Applicable Compensatory Strategies: A Review

et al. 2020

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Brain-machine interfaces (BMIs) record and translate neural activity into a control signal for assistive or other devices. Intracortical microelectrode arrays (MEAs) enable high degree-of-freedom BMI control for complex tasks by providing fine-resolution neural recording. However, chronically implanted MEAs are subject to a dynamic in vivo environment where transient or systematic disruptions can interfere with neural recording and degrade BMI performance. Typically, neural implant failure modes have been categorized as biological, material, or mechanical. While this categorization provides insight into a disruption's causal etiology, it is less helpful for understanding degree of impact on BMI function or possible strategies for compensation. Therefore, we propose a complementary classification framework for intracortical recording disruptions that is based on duration of impact on BMI performance and requirement for and responsiveness to interventions: (1) Transient disruptions interfere with recordings on the time scale of minutes to hours and can resolve spontaneously; (2) Reversible disruptions cause persistent interference in recordings but the root cause can be remedied by an appropriate intervention; (3) Irreversible compensable disruptions cause persistent or progressive decline in signal quality, but their effects on BMI performance can be mitigated algorithmically; and (4) Irreversible non-compensable disruptions cause permanent signal loss that is not amenable to remediation or compensation. This conceptualization of intracortical BMI disruption types is useful for highlighting specific areas for potential hardware improvements and also identifying opportunities for algorithmic interventions. We review recording disruptions that have been reported for MEAs and demonstrate how biological, material, and mechanical mechanisms of disruption can be further categorized according to their impact on signal characteristics. Then we discuss potential compensatory protocols for each of the proposed disruption classes. Specifically, transient disruptions may be minimized by using robust neural decoder features, data augmentation methods, adaptive machine learning models, and specialized signal referencing techniques. Statistical Process Control methods can identify reparable disruptions for rapid intervention. In-vivo diagnostics such as impedance spectroscopy can inform neural feature selection and decoding models to compensate for irreversible disruptions. Additional compensatory strategies for irreversible disruptions include information salvage techniques, data augmentation during decoder training, and adaptive decoding methods to down-weight damaged channels.

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Advances in Penetrating Multichannel Microelectrodes Based on the Utah Array Platform

Cited by 14 publications

References 124 publications

Neural signal recording and processing in somatic neuroprosthetic applications. A review

Neural signal recording and processing in somatic neuroprosthetic applications. A review

Head-mounted microendoscopic calcium imaging in dorsal premotor cortex of behaving rhesus macaque

Classifying Intracortical Brain-Machine Interface Signal Disruptions Based on System Performance and Applicable Compensatory Strategies: A Review

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