Advances in optical security systems

Wen, Chen; Javidi, Bahram; Chen, Xudong

doi:10.1364/aop.6.000120

Cited by 463 publications

(208 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…using Equation (6). The sparse pixels x i selected by this operation, that is, those with non-zero photons l i ≠ 0 ( ), are also those whose phase value ϕ ψ x i ; n ( ) will be taken with n -bit resolution to generate a phase-only photon-limited encrypted function ψ ph x ( ) .…”

Section: Photon-counting Imaging Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Optical processing systems have been proposed for a number of security applications, including encryptiondecryption, authentication, and anti-counterfeiting of a number of primary images, from one in the most common case, up to four in the case of multifactor authentication [1][2][3][4][5][6]. They benefit from parallel processing, multiple degrees of freedom (such as amplitude, phase, wavelength, and polarization of light), high storage capacity and use of biometrics data such as, for instance, fingerprints, iris and retina.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the optical security systems usually deal with a single primary image (for instance, an object, a plaintext, a signature, a biometric signal) as authenticator [2][3][4][5][6][7][10][11][12][13][14][18][19][20][21][22][23]. Some approaches permit to store multiple primary images, either in an optical memory [9] or in a single encrypted distribution [24][25][26][27], with the purpose of sequential and independent one-by-one decryption.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photon-counting multifactor optical encryption and authentication

Pérez‐Cabré

Mohammed

Millán

et al. 2015

J. Opt.

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Abstract. The multifactor optical encryption authentication method [Opt. Lett., 31, 721-3 (2006)] reinforces optical security by allowing the simultaneous authentication of up to four factors. In this work, the photon-counting imaging technique is applied to the multifactor encrypted function so that a sparse phase-only distribution is generated for the encrypted data. The integration of both techniques permits an increased capacity for signal hiding with simultaneous data reduction for better fulfilling the general requirements of protection, storage and transmission. Cryptanalysis of the proposed method is carried out in terms of chosen-plaintext and chosen-ciphertext attacks. Although the multifactor authentication process is not substantially altered by those attacks, its integration with the photon-counting imaging technique prevents from possible partial disclosure of any encrypted factor, thus increasing the security level of the overall process. Numerical experiments and results are provided and discussed.

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Section: Photon-counting Imaging Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photon-counting multifactor optical encryption and authentication

Pérez‐Cabré

Mohammed

Millán

et al. 2015

J. Opt.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Optical security includes numerous parameters for encryption including wavelength, phase information, spatial frequency and polarization of light. Several optical encryption techniques have been suggested with the aim to broaden the research area of information security 3,4,5,6 . Among them, Réfrégier and Javidi proposed a forefather optical encryption method based on a double random phase encoding (DRPE) 7 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical image encryption technique based on deterministic phase masks

et al. 2016

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Abstract. The double random phase encoding (DRPE) scheme, which is based on a 4f optical correlator system, is considered as a reference for the optical encryption field. In this work, we propose a modification of the classical DRPE scheme based on the use of a novel class of structured phase masks, the deterministic phase masks. In particular, we propose to conduct the encryption process by using two deterministic phase masks, which are built from linear combinations of several sub-keys. For the decryption step, the input image is retrieved by using the complex conjugate of the deterministic phase masks, which were set in the encryption process. This new concept of structured masks gives rise to encryption-decryption keys which are smaller and more compact than those required in the classical DRPE. In addition, we show that our method significantly improves the tolerance of the DRPE method to shifts of the decrypting phase mask -when no shift is applied, it provides similar performance to the DRPE scheme in terms of encryption-decryption results-. This enhanced tolerance to the shift, which is proven by providing numerical simulation results for gray-scale and binary images, may relax the rigidity of an encryptiondecryption experimental implementation set-up. To evaluate the effectiveness of the described method, the meansquare-error (MSE) and the peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) between the input images and the recovered images are calculated. Different studies based on simulated data are also provided to highlight the suitability and robustness of the method when applied to image encryption-decryption processes.

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“…Especially since the double random-phase encryption method [1] was proposed, all kinds of random-phase encoding (RPE) schemes based on diffraction or interference principles have been booming [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. As the accompanying complementary opposites, the corresponding security analyses have also been carried out and have promoted the further development of optical encryption techniques [14][15][16][17][18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Encryption Scheme with Multiple Users Based on Computational Ghost Imaging and Orthogonal Modulation

Yuan

Liu

Zhou

et al. 2016

Journal of the Optical Society of Korea

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For the application of multiusers, the arrangement and distribution of the keys is a much concerning problem in a cryptosystem. In this paper, we propose an optical encryption scheme with multiple users based on computational ghost imaging (CGI) and orthogonal modulation. The CGI encrypts the secret image into an intensity vector rather than a complex-valued matrix. This will bring convenience for post-processing and transmission of the ciphertext. The orthogonal vectors are taken as the address codes to distinguish users and avoid cross-talk. Only the decryption key and the address code owned by an authorized user are matched, the secret image belonging to him/her could be extracted from the ciphertext. Therefore, there are two security levels in the encryption scheme. The feasibility and property are verified by numerical simulations.

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Advances in optical security systems

Cited by 463 publications

References 95 publications

Photon-counting multifactor optical encryption and authentication

Photon-counting multifactor optical encryption and authentication

Optical image encryption technique based on deterministic phase masks

Optical Encryption Scheme with Multiple Users Based on Computational Ghost Imaging and Orthogonal Modulation

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