Advances in high-density lipoprotein physiology: surprises, overturns, and promises

Abstract

Emerging evidence strongly supports that changes in the HDL metabolic pathway, which result in changes in HDL proteome and function, appear to have a causative impact on a number of metabolic disorders. Here, we provide a critical review of the most recent and novel findings correlating HDL properties and functionality with various pathophysiological processes and disease states, such as obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, inflammation and sepsis, bone and obstructive pulmonary diseases, and brain disorders.

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) metabolism and bone mass

“…As research on HDL progresses, new data in the literature strongly support a causative role of dysfunctional HDL with a number of metabolic disorders, including bone metabolic diseases (Papachristou & Blair 2016, Constantinou et al . 2015).…”

“…Recent advances in the field of lipoproteins highlight a multifunctional role of high density lipoprotein (HDL) in health and disease (Constantinou et al 2015). HDL has been for decades an intriguing lipoprotein which attracted the attention of biomedical community, mainly because of its important role in atheroprotection (Constantinou et al 2015).…”

“…HDL has been for decades an intriguing lipoprotein which attracted the attention of biomedical community, mainly because of its important role in atheroprotection (Constantinou et al 2015). Indeed, the inverse correlation between HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) levels and the risk for developing coronary heart disease (Gofman et al .…”

“…However, more recent data from experimental mice and clinical trials indicated that HDL particle functionality, as determined by its apolipoprotein (apo) and lipid content, is far more important in atheroprotection than HDL-C levels alone (Tsompanidi et al 2010, Karavia et al . 2014, Constantinou et al . 2015).…”

“…In addition to atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, recent data indicate that HDL may play pivotal role in the pathology and treatment of other diseases including morbid obesity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obstructive pulmonary disease, and numerous diseases of the central nervous system (Constantinou et al 2015). Recently, we identified a novel role of HDL in the pathogenesis of degenerative and metabolic bone diseases using experimental mouse models (Triantaphyllidou et al .…”