Advanced Method for the Reliable Estimation of Spin-Orbit-Torque Efficiency in Low-Coercivity Ferromagnetic Multilayers

Stebliy, Maxim E.; Kolesnikov, Alexander; Ognev, A. V.; Davydenko, A. V.; Stebliy, Ekaterina V.; Wang, Xiao; Han, X. F.; Samardak, Alexander S.

doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.11.054047

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 46 publications

(57 reference statements)

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“…The edge of the Hall bar, from which the process of domain generation begins, is determined by the Oersted field, which depends on the direction of the current, as noted in the inset of Figure e. The value of the Oersted field at the edge of the current channel, in accordance with the analytical model described in ref , is μ 0 H Oe x = ±5.5 mT for the used value of switching current.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

Current-Induced Manipulation of the Exchange Bias in a Pt/Co/NiO Structure

Stebliy

Kolesnikov

Bazrov

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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An experimental study of the phenomenon of electric current influence on the value and orientation of the exchange bias field (H EB) in the Pt/Co/NiO structure is carried out. Depending on the direction of the magnetization in a ferromagnet (FM) layer and the current pulse amplitude, the value of the H EB field can be changed repeatedly in the range of ±7.5 mT. A few experiments are performed to separate the contributions from two current-induced effects: (i) an injection of the spin current into an antiferromagnet layer (AFM) and (ii) Joule heating. As a result, we conclude that the modification in the H EB field during current pulse transmission in the Pt/Co/NiO structure is due to heating and the low value of Néel temperature (T N = 162 °C). This fact explains the absence of the exchange bias effect on the spin–orbit torque (SOT)-assisted magnetization switching. The most striking observation to emerge from the experimental data analysis is that depending on the initial spin configuration of the domain structure in the FM layer and the current pulse amplitude, the exchange bias can be changed locally. This opens up prospects for creating exchange-coupled FM/AFM structures with dynamically tuned parameters of the exchange bias, which can be used for the development of magnetic memory, neuromorphic, and logic devices based on magnetic nanosystems.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 54%

Current-Induced Manipulation of the Exchange Bias in a Pt/Co/NiO Structure

Stebliy

Kolesnikov

Bazrov

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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“…Up to date, the specific multilayer structures (bi- and trilayers) were studied in detail. Among them, we find CoFeB-based structures like W/i-CoFeB/Pt and p-CoFeB/Ta, as well as the Co-based multilayers like p-Co/Pt/i-Co, p-Co/Pt, − i-Co/Ta, Ta/i-Co/Pt, Ru/p-Co/Ru, and Ru/p-Co/Ru/W, where p(i) stands for perpendicular(in-plane) anisotropy. Also, the recent studies on Pt/Co/Ru/Co/Pt showed that the RKKY interlayer exchange coupling (IEC) could tailor the properties of the multilayers …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Study of Spin–Orbit Interactions and Interlayer Ferromagnetic Coupling in Co/Pt/Co Trilayers in a Wide Range of Heavy-Metal Thickness

Ogrodnik

Grochot

Karwacki

et al. 2021

ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces

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The spin–orbit torque, a torque induced by a charge current flowing through the heavy-metal-conducting layer with strong spin–orbit interactions, provides an efficient way to control the magnetization direction in heavy-metal/ferromagnet nanostructures, required for applications in the emergent magnetic technologies like random access memories, high-frequency nano-oscillators, or bioinspired neuromorphic computations. We study the interface properties, magnetization dynamics, magnetostatic features, and spin–orbit interactions within the multilayer system Ti(2)/Co(1)/Pt(0–4)/Co(1)/MgO(2)/Ti(2) (thicknesses in nanometers) patterned by optical lithography on micrometer-sized bars. In the investigated devices, Pt is used as a source of the spin current and as a nonmagnetic spacer with variable thickness, which enables the magnitude of the interlayer ferromagnetic exchange coupling to be effectively tuned. We also find the Pt thickness-dependent changes in magnetic anisotropies, magnetoresistances, effective Hall angles, and, eventually, spin–orbit torque fields at interfaces. The experimental findings are supported by the relevant interface structure-related simulations, micromagnetic, macrospin, as well as the spin drift-diffusion models. Finally, the contribution of the spin–orbital Edelstein–Rashba interfacial fields is also briefly discussed in the analysis.

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“…In this paper, we address the thermal annealing effect on PMA and i-DMI of Ru/Co/W/Ru films, whose magnetic properties have recently been studied. − The Ru/Co/W/Ru films are a recent counterpart of the widely used Pt/Co-based systems, because they possess large PMA and i-DMI ( D eff = −3.1 erg/cm 2 in as-deposited Ru/Co(1)/W(0.23)/Ru, where the thickness is nanometers) and can be used to realize skyrmion-based devices . Moreover, the modified Ru/Co/Ru/W films are interesting for SOT-induced magnetization switching . We demonstrate the significant increase in i-DMI after annealing of all samples at T ann ranging from 200 to 240 °C and the sequential decrease after the thermal treatment at T ann = 250 °C.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal Annealing Driven Enhancement of Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy and the Interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya Interaction in Ultrathin Ru/Co/W/Ru Films

Samardak

Kolesnikov

Stebliy

et al. 2023

ACS Appl. Electron. Mater.

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Spin-related effects discovered in ultrathin magnetic films generally have an interfacial nature. The quality of interfaces between a heavy metal and a ferromagnet is the main driver of surface anisotropy, antisymmetric exchange, chiral damping, spin Hall effect, and spin−orbit torques. To understand the physics and usage of these phenomena for future atomic-scale devices, one has to study systems with disordered interfaces and search there for novel practically desirable effects, which lie beyond the atomic order and surface flatness. Here, we report the interface-related effects in Ru/Co/W/Ru ultrathin films treated by thermal annealing in vacuum. The surface roughness and degree of atomic intermixing at Ru/Co and Co/W interfaces change with increasing annealing temperature up to 240 °C, promoting an enhancement of perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and the interfacial Dzyaloshinskii−Moriya interaction (i-DMI). Further annealing at higher temperatures brings the interface deterioration and, consequently, a drastic degradation of the magnetic properties. Our first-principles calculations qualitatively support the experimental findings, providing an understanding of the i-DMI enhancement nature.

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Advanced Method for the Reliable Estimation of Spin-Orbit-Torque Efficiency in Low-Coercivity Ferromagnetic Multilayers

Cited by 8 publications

References 46 publications

Current-Induced Manipulation of the Exchange Bias in a Pt/Co/NiO Structure

Current-Induced Manipulation of the Exchange Bias in a Pt/Co/NiO Structure

Study of Spin–Orbit Interactions and Interlayer Ferromagnetic Coupling in Co/Pt/Co Trilayers in a Wide Range of Heavy-Metal Thickness

Thermal Annealing Driven Enhancement of Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy and the Interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya Interaction in Ultrathin Ru/Co/W/Ru Films

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