Advanced Lipoprotein Testing and Subfractionation Are Clinically Useful

Superko, H. Robert

doi:10.1161/circulationaha.108.809582

Cited by 67 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 103 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, one limitation attributed to this method is that the assessment of LDL and HDL particle size requires a lot of time and effort, an observation likely to discourage laboratory personnel and general practitioners from measuring LDL and HDL size in their clinical practice. Moreover, although this was not the objective of the present study, the fact that most studies have shown that LDL size (independently from the method employed for its measurement) does not add to CHD risk prediction on top of currently available (and more easily obtainable) CHD risk factors is another factor which could explain the rather rare use of LDL or HDL size measurement in clinical practice (22,23 ). A limitation attributed to the NMR technique is the fact that the reproducibility between laboratories cannot be measured because NMR characteristics of LDL or HDL particles can be measured only at Liposcience (http://www.liposcience.com), which currently does not provide the instrumentation for the method to clinical laboratories.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Comparison between Gradient Gel Electrophoresis and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Estimating Coronary Heart Disease Risk Associated with LDL and HDL Particle Size

et al. 2010

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Comparison between Gradient Gel Electrophoresis and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Estimating Coronary Heart Disease Risk Associated with LDL and HDL Particle Size

et al. 2010

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“…However, the risk for incident CKD was not associated with LDL-C or apoB, which may be attributed to the fact that LDL-C and apoB concentrations alone do not reflect LDL particle size [19,22]. ApoB concentration reflects the number of apoB-containing atherogenic particles [19]. The LDL-C/ apoB ratio has been suggested to be a good predictor of LDL particle size and the best tool to identify patients with small dense LDL particles (phenotype B) [22].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…In our study, baseline TG and HDL-C levels were independently associated with the development of CKD and, in particular, a higher TG/HDL-C ratio was associated with a higher risk of incident CKD. However, the risk for incident CKD was not associated with LDL-C or apoB, which may be attributed to the fact that LDL-C and apoB concentrations alone do not reflect LDL particle size [19,22]. ApoB concentration reflects the number of apoB-containing atherogenic particles [19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

LDL-C/apoB and HDL-C/apoA-1 ratios predict incident chronic kidney disease in a large apparently healthy cohort

et al. 2016

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“…39,42 ApoA-I presents in majority of HDL particles by constituting approximately 70% of apolipoprotein content in HDL protein. 43,44 Immunoblotting study revealed that Forhidrol up-regulated ApoA-I protein in HepG2-treated cells. ApoA-I mediates cholesterol removal in RCT pathway where cholesteryl esters (CEs) bind to the apolipoproteins.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Forhidrol, a bioactive fraction of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl., increases reverse cholesterol transport pathway by down-regulation of cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity

Berlian¹,

Tandrasasmita²,

Suciptan³

et al. 2018

J Biol Res

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Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl. is one of the most popular medicinal plants in Indonesia. This plant has traditionally been used to lower cholesterol and control hypertension. This study was performed to examine the effect of Forhidrol, a bioactive fraction of P. macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl., to increase reverse cholesterol transport through the down-regulation of cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity in hepatocellular carcinoma cell lines. Measurement of target genes including liver X receptor (LXR), sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), scavenger receptor class B type 1, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) receptor, apolipoprotein B, CYP11B1, CYP11B2, peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor α (PPARα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor δ (PPARδ) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) were done using real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. Secreted CETP and apolipoprotein A-1 were analyzed using western blot. CETP activity in vitro was measured using CETP inhibitor drug screening kit and triglyceride synthesis was measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Forhidrol was found to significantly down-regulate CETP mRNA expression, as well as total CETP and cholesteryl esters transfer activity (P<0.05). It specifically reduced transcriptional level of regulatory genes of CETP promoter including SREBP-1 and LXR. Forhidrol also significantly increased PPARδ and PPARα expression (P<0.05) and slightly repressed triglycerides synthesis. In vivo study showed elevated high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels in rabbits after 4-week treatment of Forhidrol at a dose of 37.5 mg/1.5 kg body weight compared to placebo. Conversely, LDL, triglyceride and CETP activity were decreased. Forhidrol increased HDL levels by reducing CETPdependent transfer of cholesterol from HDL to LDL particles. Looking at possible side effects, Forhidrol apparently acted as a safe agent without negative effect towards blood pressure. These findings suggested that Forhidrol may be further developed as a potential antiatherogenic drug. IntroductionCholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) is a 74-kDa hydrophobic glycoprotein which is mainly synthesized in liver and secreted to plasma. [1][2][3][4] It is also produced in lymph, adipose tissue, heart, kidney and small intestine, although in a lower level. 2,5 CETP is a major determinant of plasma levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol in human by mediating the exchange of cholesteryl esters (CE) in HDL particles for triglycerides in lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL) and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles through reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway. 2,4,[6][7][8] In epidemiological studies, subjects with CETP gene deficiency possessed higher HDL cholesterol and lower LDL cholesterol levels. 3,9 Decreased HDL levels constitute a major risk factor for Contributions: GB as the first author contributed to the research study design, laboratory and experimental works, statistical data analysis and manuscript draft...

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Advanced Lipoprotein Testing and Subfractionation Are Clinically Useful

Cited by 67 publications

References 103 publications

Comparison between Gradient Gel Electrophoresis and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Estimating Coronary Heart Disease Risk Associated with LDL and HDL Particle Size

Comparison between Gradient Gel Electrophoresis and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Estimating Coronary Heart Disease Risk Associated with LDL and HDL Particle Size

LDL-C/apoB and HDL-C/apoA-1 ratios predict incident chronic kidney disease in a large apparently healthy cohort

Forhidrol, a bioactive fraction of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl., increases reverse cholesterol transport pathway by down-regulation of cholesteryl ester transfer protein activity

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