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Objective Tonsillectomy is the most common operation performed in the otolaryngologic fields. Efforts have been made to reduce postoperative complications, and one of these is intracapsular tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy (ICTA), which leaves the tonsillar tissue with tonsillar capsule. This study aimed to evaluate intracapsular tonsillectomy compared with classical extracapsular tonsillectomy in terms of efficacy of the technique for managing obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and reducing postoperative complications. Data Sources We performed a literature search using PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library through December 2016. Review Methods Summarized risk ratio (RR), risk differences (RDs), and standardized mean differences (SMDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by summarizing the risk estimates of each study using random-effects models that considered both within- and between-study variations. Results Our search included 15 randomized controlled studies. The RRs for postoperative bleeding and residual tonsils were, respectively, 0.44 ( P = .01) and 6.02 ( P = .0002). There were significant differences in postoperative pain ( P = .0022), need for analgesics ( P < .0001), days to normal diet ( P = .006), and days to normal activity ( P < .00001) between intracapsular tonsillectomy and extracapsular tonsillectomy. Conclusions Intracapsular tonsillectomy can effectively reduce postoperative pain and bleeding, which shortens the time required to return to normal life. There was no difference between microdebrider and coblator in intracapsular tonsillectomy regarding postoperative pain and bleeding. It can increase the risk of remnant tonsils; however, it does not increase the risk of recurrent infection.

NA Laryngoscope, 127:52-58, 2017.

With the development of computerized acoustic analysis systems, an objective measure of nasal speech has become readily available by means of a simple, noninvasive technique. In this study, we assessed the nasality in patients with multiple nasal polyposis before and after endoscopic sinus surgery. With the nasometer, we measured nasalance, which reflects the ratio of acoustic energy output of nasal sounds from the nasal and oral cavities, and the slope score of the nasogram curve. The nasalance scores of nasal sentences and the slope scores of the nasogram curves for all nasal consonants were significantly lower in patients with nasal polyposis than in healthy subjects. After surgery, however, the nasalance and slope scores increased significantly to the normal range. On the sound spectrographic analysis, the frequencies of the first nasal formant decreased slightly and the sound intensity increased slightly for all nasal consonants after surgery. However, no significant change was noticed in the frequencies of the second nasal formant. In conclusion, nasometric and sound spectrographic analyses are considered to be useful tools for objectively assessing the extent of nasality in patients with nasal airway obstruction.

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This study aimed to investigate expression of various cytokine mRNAs, including IL-6, IL-8, TGF-beta, IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-gamma in maxillary sinus mucosa of patients with chronic sinusitis. Maxillary sinus mucosae of six patients with chronic sinusitis and turbinate mucosae of six healthy subjects were obtained. We performed RT-PCR and Southern blot to examine gene expression of the cytokines IL-6, IL-8, TGF-beta, IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-gamma in maxillary sinus mucosa and compared the results with cytokine gene expressions in normal turbinate mucosa. IL-6, IL-8, TGF-beta, IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-gamma mRNAs were expressed more frequently in maxillary sinus mucosa from patients with chronic sinusitis than in normal turbinate mucosa. All the maxillary sinus mucosa specimens revealed relatively higher mean density ratio for each cytokine investigated than did normal turbinate mucosa. IL-6, IL-8, TGF-beta, IL-4, IL-5, and IFN-gamma mRNAs were expressed simultaneously in maxillary sinus mucosa of chronic sinusitis. These cytokines may be responsible for recruitment of inflammatory cells and for mucosal thickening in chronic sinusitis, and thus chronicity of the disease.

Objective The dental implant is an innovative instrument that enables the edentulous patient to chew. Many factors have a bearing on the success of dental implantation. There are also many complications after dental implantation. In this meta-analysis, we investigated which factors increase the risk of postoperative sinusitis and implant failure after dental implant for the first time. Data Sources Included data were searched through the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library databases. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and 2 authors (J.S.K., S.H.K.) independently extracted data by multiple observers. Review Methods We used a random-effects model considering the variation between and within the included studies. Results Twenty-seven studies were included in our final meta-analysis. The proportion of postoperative sinusitis, perforation of the sinus membrane, and implant failure was 0.05 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.04-0.07), 0.17 (95% CI, 0.13-0.22), and 0.05 (95% CI, 0.04-0.07), respectively, using the single proportion test. The only factors that affected postoperative sinusitis were preoperative sinusitis and intraoperative perforation of the Schneiderian membrane (P < .01 and P < .01, respectively). The only factors that affected dental implant failure were smoking and residual bone height of the maxilla (P < .05 and P < .01, respectively). Conclusions Two factors affect postoperative sinusitis after implant surgery: preoperative sinusitis and Schneiderian membrane rupture. It should also be noted that the factors affecting implant failure are residual bone height and smoking. These findings will have a significant impact on the counseling and treatment policy of patients who receive dental implants.

BackgroundPorcine circovirus-associated diseases (PCVAD), caused by porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), threaten the pig industry worldwide. Five genotypes of PCV2 were recently identified: PCV2a, PCV2b, PCV2c, PCV2d and PCV2e. In addition, a novel porcine circovirus from a case of a sow with dermatitis, nephropathy syndrome and reproductive failure has been identified based on metagenomic analysis and classified as porcine circovirus type 3 (PCV3). Therefore, the current study was conducted to determine the prevalence and genetic characteristics of PCV2 and PCV3 in clinical samples.ResultsA total of 471 samples (161 tissue samples of lungs and lymph nodes from 34 farms and 310 serum samples from 47 farms) were tested for PCV2. Among them, 171 samples from 59 farms that had been positive for PCV2 were genotyped. Another 690 samples (296 tissue samples of lungs and lymph nodes from 91 farms, 108 samples of aborted foetuses from 26 farms, and 286 serum samples from 47 farms) were tested for PCV3. Based on PCV2 genotyping results, PCV2d was the most prevalent genotype (107 of 171 samples), and co-infections with combinations of PCV2a, 2b and 2d were identified in 48 samples from 17 farms. A total of 14 samples from 11 farms were also positive for both PCV2 and PCV3. For PCV3, 57 samples (9.8%) from 32 farms (23.2%) were positive. Among the 108 aborted foetuses from 26 farms, only 2 samples were positive for PCV3. Based on sequence comparisons, PCV2d shares 89.6–91.0% and 93.2–94.3% homology with PCV2a and PCV2b, respectively; 98.6–100% homology is shared among PCV2d strains. The PCV3 strains identified in this study share 98.0–99.5% homology.ConclusionsOur study concludes that PCV2d has become the most predominant genotype in Korea. PCV3 was also identified in clinical samples, though no significant association with clinical symptoms was observed in PCV3-positive cases.