Adsorption of methylene blue onto betel nut husk-based activated carbon prepared by sodium hydroxide activation process

Abstract

In this study, activated carbon (AC) was prepared from agro-waste betel nut husks (BNH) through the chemical activation method. Different characterization techniques described the physicochemical nature of betel nut husks activated carbon (BNH-AC) through FTIR, BET, SEM, and pH point of zero charge. Later, the produced AC was used for methylene blue (MB) adsorption via numerous batch experimental parameters: initial concentrations of MB dye (25–250 mg/L), contact time (0.5–24 hours) and initial pH (2–12). Dye adsorption isotherms were also assessed at three temperatures where the maximum adsorption capacity (381.6 mg/g) was found at 30 °C. The adsorption equilibrium data were best suited to the non-linear form of the Freundlich isotherm model. Additionally, non-linear pseudo-second-order kinetic model was better fitted with the experimental value as well. Steady motion of solute particles from the boundary layer to the BNH-AC's surface was the possible reaction dynamics concerning MB adsorption. Thermodynamic study revealed that the adsorption process was spontaneous and exothermic in nature. Saline water emerged as an efficient eluent for the desorption of adsorbed dye on AC. Therefore, the BNH-AC is a very promising and cost-effective adsorbent for MB dye treatment and has high adsorption capacity.

Influence of Areca Nutshell-Reduced Graphene Oxide, Isopropanol, and Exhaust Gas Recirculation in an Internal Combustion Engine

“…A result of this is that the end product may well be reused effectively if areca nutshell waste is turned into nanoparticles. 14 Chemical synthesis of reduced graphene oxide (RGO) involves hazardous chemicals. To eliminate this drawback, biobased extracts are used in the synthesis process.…”

“…A result of this is that the end product may well be reused effectively if areca nutshell waste is turned into nanoparticles. 14 …”

“…The waste-to-resource idea is needed to properly start managing feedstocks, including areca nutshells. A result of this is that the end product may well be reused effectively if areca nutshell waste is turned into nanoparticles …”

Microporous activated carbon developed from KOH activated biomass waste: surface mechanistic study of methylene blue dye adsorption

“…For this purpose, prospective raw materials will normally get treated physically or chemically or by combination of both methods to produce porous network on their surface. In general, carbon-based materials and their derivatives can be processed into materials with desired porosity for different applications (Rashid et al 2018;Bardhan et al 2020). Some notable carbon materials are diamond, graphite, coke, fullerenes, carbynes and their derivatives such as carbon nanotube, graphene, carbon black and activated carbon (AC) whereby AC gains the most attention within the carbon derivatives group as indicated by its high production and usage frequency every year (Malek & Laiman 2018;Rashid et al 2019).…”

High Surface Area Nanoporous Activated Carbons Materials from Areca catechu Nut with Excellent Iodine and Methylene Blue Adsorption

“…It is the edible fruit of the Areca palm tree and is native to South-East Asia and the Pacific islands. Investigations have shown that fragments of the Areca fruit such as betel nut husk [39,40], Areca nutshell [41], and Areca nut pod [42] had been used for the preparation of AC for dye removal.…”