Influence of Areca Nutshell-Reduced Graphene Oxide, Isopropanol, and Exhaust Gas Recirculation in an Internal Combustion Engine

Abstract

Regulations governing pollution, declining fossil fuel supply, and technological breakthroughs in renewable fuels all have a profound influence on the development of alternative fuels. This current research focuses on the influence of nanoadditives with alcohol in an exhaust gas recirculation-cooled engine. As nanoadditives have high thermal conductivity and alcohol has high oxygen content, they work synergistically to speed up the catalytic process and increase the combustion rate. The areca nutshell-reduced graphene oxide with a mass fraction of 25 pmm was ultrasonically blended with two isopropanol–diesel mixtures 10% isopropanol + 90% diesel (IDR10) and 20% isopropanol + 80% diesel (IDR20), respectively, and tested in a single-cylinder, 4-stroke internal-combustion engine at a typical injection timing of 23° TDC with an EGR rate of 20%. The results of experiments showed that IDR10 has better combustion and emission parameters than other fuel blends. Compared to other biodiesel blends, the IDR10 blend has 2.3% less BSFC and 2.45% more BTE. The IDR10 blend has lower HC emissions by 42.85%, CO emissions by 33.34%, NO x emissions by 2.42%, and smoke emissions by 15.4%.

Performance, Emission, and Catalytic Activity Analysis of AL2O3 and CEO2 Nano-Additives on Diesel Engines Using Mahua Biofuel for a Sustainable Environment

“… 10 Exhaust emissions are reduced as compared to those produced by using other nanoparticle mixtures. 32 The optimal fuel blend of mahua biofuel mixed with Al 2 O 3 and CeO 2 each at 100 ppm shows reduced BSFC by 3.25%, increased BTE by 1.39%, and reduced emissions of HC, NO X , and CO by 30.73, 1.27, and 44.13%. Further in future, the high-performance fuel mahua biofuel mixed with Al 2 O 3 and CeO 2 each at 100 ppm will be injected in engines of various combustion geometries and best geometries will be observed for this high-performance fuel.…”

“…With the help of nanomaterials, the fuel and air are mixed to a greater extent, resulting in more even combustion and hence more complete combustion. Leasing the fuel’s viscosity improves ignition, which is crucial to significantly lower CO emissions . Nanomaterials’ reaction as a catalyst and enhanced fuel coalescence are made possible by their highly responsive surface.…”

“…Leasing the fuel’s viscosity improves ignition, which is crucial to significantly lower CO emissions. 32 Nanomaterials’ reaction as a catalyst and enhanced fuel coalescence are made possible by their highly responsive surface. Injecting fuel that contains nanomaterials causes the base fuel to break up more quickly and reduces its homogeneity.…”

“…CeO 2 ’s catalytic properties in the oxidation–reduction process lead to lower NOx emissions . Exhaust emissions are reduced as compared to those produced by using other nanoparticle mixtures . The optimal fuel blend of mahua biofuel mixed with Al 2 O 3 and CeO 2 each at 100 ppm shows reduced BSFC by 3.25%, increased BTE by 1.39%, and reduced emissions of HC, NO X , and CO by 30.73, 1.27, and 44.13%.…”

“…We calculated the following as the sum of all the potential sources of error in the experimental study: 32 …”