“…The manifold number of analyte-membrane/receptor combinations possible with a label-free piezoelectric sensor is apparent from diverse types of measurements reported for a range of analytes. Selected examples include interactions of membranes with tannins (Kaneda et al, 2002b(Kaneda et al, , 2003b, divalent non-metallic cations (Ekeroth et al, 2002), metal ions (Bukreeva et al, 2003), metal-binding proteins , lipases (Pastorino and Nicolini, 2002;Snabe and Petersen, 2003;Justesen et al, 2004), lectins (Hildebrand et al, 2002), Shiga toxin (Uzawa et al, 2002), glucose (Galeska et al, 2001;Svobodová et al, 2002), beer (Kaneda et al, 2002a(Kaneda et al, , 2005, coffee (Kaneda et al, 2003a) and detergents (Shimomura et al, 2003).…”