Administração de medicamentos para crianças nascidas expostas ao vírus da imunodeficiência humana

Abstract

Objective: To evaluate HIV-positive mothers' ability to administer zidovudine and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (SMZ/TMP) prophylaxis for HIV-exposed infants. Methods: This cross-sectional and quantitative study was carried out at a reference hospital for HIV/AIDS patients in Fortaleza (CE), Brazil. A total of 60 mothers responded to the ability assessment scale for the care of HIV-exposed children. Results: The level of ability to administer zidovudine varied from moderate to high. Maternal variables did not show significant differences (p>0.05). TMP/SMZ administration varied from low, moderate, and high. The variable "parity" was related to a high level of care (p=0.051). Conclusion: The level of ability of mothers to administer AZT syrup (factor I) varied from moderate to high; with SMZ-TMP administration (factor IV), no difference among low, moderate, and high was seen. ResumoObjetivo: Avaliar a capacidade de mães com HIV/Aids de administrar a zidovudina e a profilaxia com sulfametoxazol-trimetoprima aos filhos nascidos expostos ao HIV. Métodos: Estudo transversal e quantitativo, realizado em hospital de referência no atendimento a casos de HIV/Aids em Fortaleza (CE), Brasil. Utilizou-se a Escala de Avaliação da Capacidade para Cuidar de Crianças Expostas ao HIV, que foi respondida por 60 mães. Resultados: O nível de capacidade de administrar a zidovudina variou de moderado a alto, sem diferenças significantes em relação às variáveis maternas (p>0,05). Em relação à administração do sulfametoxazoltrimetoprima, o nível de capacidade variou entre baixo, moderado e alto. A variável materna "paridade" apresentou relação com o nível de cuidado alto (p=0,051). Conclusão: O nível de capacidade das mães para administrar o AZT xarope (Fator I) variou de moderado a alto e para administrar e SMZ-TMP (Fator IV), o nível de capacidade de administração distribuiu-se sem diferença entre baixo, moderado e alto.

Profile of infected pregnant women and children exposed to HIV at a specialized service in the South of Brazil

“…4 A study carried out in Fortaleza, Ceará State responds to the ministerial recommendations, and indicates the non-occurrence of offering human milk to children who are vertically exposed to HIV. 17 In contrast, the present study revealed the occurrence of some cases on breastfeeding and cross-nursing, as well as incompleteness in the records about this information.…”

“…The maternal characterization reflects in data from other national studies, in which the age range of most infected pregnant women corresponds to the peak of the reproductive period. 6,10,17 Since 2000, the highest occurrence in notifications from SINAN corresponds to pregnant women aged between 20 to 24 years. 1 The schooling levels also follow the national tendency with predominance of women with incomplete primary schooling.…”

“…In addition to that, the occurrence of unpaid occupation is equivalent to studies that present the issue of pregnant women with HIV social situation. 3,17,18 Nonetheless, a pregnant woman's social networking appears to be strengthened by the presence of a stable partner, since studies present a partner as a contributor of the adherence to recommend prophylaxis for vertical transmission. 19,20 In the clinical characterization, the data incompleteness was hardly prevalent, which can be attributed to the greater incidence of registrations in the women's consultations during pregnancy.…”

“…28 It is known that the caregiver can only appropriately comply with all recommendations when they are aware of the real possibility of infection, and of their responsibility to ensure special and different care on the follow-up, medication prophylaxis, vaccination and nutrition. 17 With respect to feeding children exposed to HIV, in national level it is recommended to replace breastfeeding with infant formula, since this measure prevents in 30% the occurrence of infection by the virus. In addition, the practice of cross-nursing is discouraged because of the lack of knowledge of the serological condition of the woman who will perform it.…”

Síndrome da imunodeficiência adquirida na criança e no adolescente: conduta odontológica

“…O método do leite artificial é reconhecido pela Organização Mundial da Saúde (OMS), mas somente é indicado quando acessível, seguro e sustentável. Se o leite não atingir essas metas é recomendado pela OMS que essa amamentação seja realizada nos seis primeiros meses, com intuito de reduzir a morbidade e a mortalidade 22 .Quanto mais precoce for inserida a terapia anti-retroviral, independente da contagem dos linfócitos CD4 e manifestações clínicas relacionadas ao HIV, maiores chances de se obter efeitos positivos. Com isso, se atingea redução significativa da carga viral diminuindo o risco de transmissão do vírus HIV, a morbidade e a mortalidade, além da melhora na condição de vida dos pacientes portadores do vírus¹.…”