Adipose-derived adult stromal cells heal critical-size mouse calvarial defects

Abstract

In adults and children over two years of age, large cranial defects do not reossify successfully, posing a substantial biomedical burden. The osteogenic potential of bone marrow stromal (BMS) cells has been documented. This study investigates the in vivo osteogenic capability of adipose-derived adult stromal (ADAS) cells, BMS cells, calvarial-derived osteoblasts and dura mater cells to heal critical-size mouse calvarial defects. Implanted, apatite-coated, PLGA scaffolds seeded with ADAS or BMS cells produced significant intramembranous bone formation by 2 weeks and areas of complete bony bridging by 12 weeks as shown by X-ray analysis, histology and live micromolecular imaging. The contribution of implanted cells to new bone formation was 84-99% by chromosomal detection. These data show that ADAS cells heal critical-size skeletal defects without genetic manipulation or the addition of exogenous growth factors.

In vivo bone formation by human marrow stromal cells in biodegradable scaffolds that release dexamethasone and ascorbate-2-phosphate

“…The sections were stained by the von Kossa method to observe mineralized tissue [24] and were also stained with Safranin O to detect cartilage [22].…”

“…Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) has been used widely for several decades as a biodegradable and biocompatible scaffold material [21]. However, PLGA alone does not provide an osteoinductive environment to mesenchymal stem cells for bone-tissue engineering [22]. In a previous study, we developed porous PLGA scaffolds that release biologically active Dex and AsP for at least one month in vitro to provide an osteogenic environment for seeded rabbit MSCs [23].…”

The Effect of Donor Variation and Senescence on Endothelial Differentiation of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells

“…Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), a much used source of autologous cells, can be isolated relatively easily from multiple sources including adipose tissue, tibia, femur, lumbar spine and trabecular bone [1][2][3][4]. They can be then expanded in vitro and are characterized by their multipotency.…”

Adipose Tissue-Derived Stem Cells Treated with Estradiol Enhance Survival of Autologous Fat Transplants

“…A complicated, time-consuming and expensive surgical operation is required, and the quantity of isolated MSCs is limited. Recently, human ADSCs have been shown to exhibit similar differentiation, proliferation and VEGF secretion abilities as MSCs (Zuk et al 2001;Cowan et al 2004;Hong et al 2007). Moreover, the abundant resource of ADSCs in the human body and the minimally invasive extraction procedure facilitate their superiority over MSCs (Hong et al 2007).…”

“…Yoshimura and co-workers recently demonstrated that adipose derived stem or stromal cells (ADSCs)-enriched AFT was efficient in breast augmentation and facial lipoatrophy, with stable natural contour and without any major side effects (Yoshimura et al 2008a, b). ADSCs can differentiate into different types of cells such as adipocytes, osteoblasts, endothelial cells, and chondrocytes (Zuk et al 2001;Cowan et al 2004;Hong et al 2007). ADSCs are considered to reside between adipocytes (differentiated from ADSCs) or in the extracellular matrix (ECM), as well as to induce adipose tissue formation within 6 months after implantation (Strawford et al 2004;Yoshimura et al 2008a).…”