Adhesion of<i>Histoplasma capsulatum</i>to pneumocytes and biofilm formation on an abiotic surface

Pitangui, Nayla de Souza; Sardi, Janaína de Cássia Orlandi; Silva, J. F.; Benaducci, Tatiane; Silva, R. A. Moraes da; Rodríguez-Arellanes, Gabriela; Taylor, Mária Lucía; Mendes-Giannini, María José Soares; Fusco-Almeida, A. M.

doi:10.1080/08927014.2012.703659

Cited by 68 publications

(58 citation statements)

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“…The pattern of infection of H. capsulatum in epithelial cells was characterized as a compact mass of yeast cells, which possibly leads to the formation of a complex three-dimensional architecture of biofilms and promotes the internalization of yeast into host cells. It is believed that this finding could be related to the ability of the H. capsulatum yeasts to avoid the immune system cells (Pitangui et al, 2012). It is noteworthy that no information on the antifungal susceptibility of H. capsulatum biofilms has been reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

“…Although a possible association between the ability of the pathogen to form biofilms and the adhesion pattern of yeast H. capsulatum to A549 Antifungal susceptibility of H. capsulatum biofilm epithelial cells has been reported, suggesting that this mechanism may also be related to its ability to suppress the cellular immune system, more studies are needed to better understand the role of this mechanism in the pathogenesis and severity of histoplasmosis (Pitangui et al, 2012).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A wide variety of clinically important fungi have demonstrated the ability to colonize surfaces and form biofilms, including the genera Candida (Ganguly & Mitchell, 2011), Aspergillus (Müller et al, 2011), Coccidioides (Davis et al, 2002), Cryptococcus (Martinez et al, 2008), Pneumocystis (Cushion et al, 2009) and Trichosporon (Di Bonaventura et al, 2006). Recently, it was shown that the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum, estimated to be the most common cause of fungal respiratory diseases, is also able to form biofilm in vitro (Daher et al, 2007;Pitangui et al, 2012). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Histoplasma capsulatum in planktonic and biofilm forms: in vitro susceptibility to amphotericin B, itraconazole and farnesol

Brilhante

Lima

Marques

et al. 2015

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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It is believed that most microbial infections are caused by pathogens organized in biofilms. Recently, it was shown that the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum, estimated to be the most common cause of fungal respiratory diseases, is also able to form biofilm. Although the antifungal therapy commonly used is effective, refractory cases and recurrences have been reported. In the search for new compounds with antimicrobial activity, the sesquiterpene farnesol has gained prominence for its antifungal action. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro susceptibility of H. capsulatum var. capsulatum to the antifungal agents itraconazole and amphotericin B, and farnesol alone and combined, as well as to determine the in vitro antifungal activity of these compounds against biofilms of this pathogen. The results show that farnesol has antifungal activity against H. capsulatum in the yeast and filamentous phases, with MIC values ranging from 0.0078 to 0.00312 mM. A synergistic effect (fractional inhibitory concentration index ¡0.5) between itraconazole and farnesol was found against 100 and 83.3 % of the isolates in yeast and mycelial forms, respectively, while synergism between amphotericin B and farnesol was only observed against 37.5 and 44.4 % of the isolates in yeast and filamentous forms, respectively. Afterwards, the antifungal drugs, itraconazole and amphotericin B, and farnesol alone, and the combination of itraconazole and farnesol, were tested against mature biofilms of H. capsulatum, through XTT (2,3-bis(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-5-[(phenylamino)carbonyl]-2H-tetrazolium hydroxide) metabolic assay, and the itraconazole and amphotericin B showed lower antibiofilm activity when compared to farnesol alone and farnesol combined with itraconazole. In conclusion, farnesol showed promising results as an antifungal agent against H. capsulatum and also showed adjuvant action, especially when combined with itraconazole, increasing the fungal susceptibility to this drug.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 81%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Histoplasma capsulatum in planktonic and biofilm forms: in vitro susceptibility to amphotericin B, itraconazole and farnesol

Brilhante

Lima

Marques

et al. 2015

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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“…capsulatum. This disease is endemic in areas of the USA (Ohio and Mississippi valleys) and in most Latin American countries [224].…”

Section: Histoplasmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the capacity of H. capsulatum to grow showing different morphologies makes this microorganism able to adapt in various living conditions [224].…”

Section: Histoplasmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Update on Fungal Disease: From Establish Infection to Clinical Manifestation

Melo¹,

Scorzoni²,

Rossi³

et al. 2017

J Biotechnol Biomater

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Fungal diseases have emerged as an important cause of morbidity and mortality, especially among immunocompromised patients. Pathogenic fungi have evolved an array of virulence factors to survive within the host and to outwit immune defenses. Fungi may cause a wide range of diseases in humans that range in extent from superficial to disseminated infections. Generally, the site of infections classifies the type of fungal disease, which can be divided into superficial, cutaneous, subcutaneous and systemic. In addition, the fungal virulence factors determine whether the infection will become established in the host. A primary pathogen may infect an immunologically normal host, whereas, an opportunistic pathogen requires some compromise of the host immune defenses in order for the infection to become established. This article covers the main fungi that are responsible for the increase of the fungal infections.Keywords: Fungal infections; Virulence; Yeast; Opportunistic infections; Endemic mycosis Fungal InfectionsFungal diseases have changed constantly in the last years. The virulence of these microorganisms has been adapted according to the human host, promoting a range of clinical manifestation. Several are the ways by which fungi promote a disease depending on human body part involved by the microorganism and the immunologic system of the host [1].In this review, we discuss the main fungal pathogens responsible for causing several diseases, highlighting on their virulence associate to clinical manifestation and the difficulty to accomplish the treatment. Superficial and cutaneous fungal diseasesSuperficial and cutaneous fungal infections are very common and occur worldwide affecting millions of people, especially immunocompromised patients. The most common types of these infections are dermatophytosis (tinea or ringworm), pityriasis versicolor (formerly tinea versicolor) and candidiasis (moniliasis). These occur by fungal invasion into the skin, keratinized tissues and mucous membranes [2]. Trichosporon and Fusarium species also cause superficial fungal infection, but also may be considered an invasive pathogen that may cause a systemic infection [3,4].Dermatophytosis: Dermatophytes are fungi that invade keratinized structures of humans and animals producing a condition called dermatophytosis or, more commonly, tinea [5,6]. These fungi belong to three main genera Trichophyton, Microsporum and Epidermophyton, of these T. rubrum is the most prevalent species worldwide [7,8]. The mechanisms of pathogenicity of these fungi are not yet well understood. There are several studies focusing on keratinolytic proteases (keratinases) produced by dermatophytes, but it is not known how these fungi regulate the use of these proteases to obtain nutrients from the stratum corneum substrate they invade, and whether there are additional roles of these proteins in adhesion and immunomodulation [9].To establish the infection, the contact of arthroconidia or hyphal fragmens with the host skin is essential. The fungi express spe...

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Exopolysaccharides and Biofilms

Mauff

2020

Current Topics in Microbiology and Immunology

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Adhesion ofHistoplasma capsulatumto pneumocytes and biofilm formation on an abiotic surface

Cited by 68 publications

References 51 publications

Histoplasma capsulatum in planktonic and biofilm forms: in vitro susceptibility to amphotericin B, itraconazole and farnesol

Histoplasma capsulatum in planktonic and biofilm forms: in vitro susceptibility to amphotericin B, itraconazole and farnesol

Update on Fungal Disease: From Establish Infection to Clinical Manifestation

Exopolysaccharides and Biofilms

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